Table 2 Coefficients used in calculating propensity scores for the receipt of intravenous sedation only during percutaneous kidney biopsy

Age

1−5 years

Reference

6−11 years

1.81

1.54

–

2.12

<0.001

12−15 years

4.97

4.04

–

6.12

<0.001

Sex

Female

Reference

Male

0.95

0.83

–

1.09

0.45

Body mass index

Underweight

Reference

Normal

0.97

0.76

–

1.24

0.80

Overweight

0.88

0.66

–

1.17

0.38

Kidney disease category

Nephritis

Reference

Nephrotic syndrome

1.02

0.87

–

1.19

0.83

Comorbid kidney failure

0.86

0.40

–

1.86

0.70

Acute kidney injury/acute or rapidly progressive disease

1.14

0.64

–

2.02

0.66

Comorbid anemia on admission

0.50

0.27

–

0.93

0.027

Coagulation disorders on admission

0.83

0.41

–

1.70

0.62

Use of antiplatelet or anticoagulants

1.85

0.97

–

3.52

0.06

Metabolic disease

1.00

0.75

–

1.34

0.99

Mental disease

0.84

0.47

–

1.50

0.56

Neurological disease

0.54

0.28

–

1.03

0.06

Cardiovascular disease

0.73

0.61

–

0.87

0.001

Respiratory disease

0.84

0.68

–

1.04

0.11

Musculoskeletal disease

1.20

0.90

–

1.60

0.22

Congenital disease

0.74

0.37

–

1.48

0.40

Use of corticosteroids

0.97

0.77

–

1.24

0.82

Use of immunosuppressants

0.97

0.76

–

1.23

0.80

Use of tranexamic acid

0.68

0.60

–

0.78

<0.001

Use of albumin infusion

1.63

0.77

–

3.46

0.20

Hospital volume (cases/year)

1-5

Reference

6-12

1.37

1.16

–

1.61

<0.001

13-

2.61

2.20

–

3.10

<0.001

Academic hospital admission

1.27

1.09

–

1.46

0.002

History of biopsy at the same hospital

1.25

1.00

–

1.55

0.047

Fiscal year

2010

Reference

2011

0.95

0.65

–

1.39

0.80

2012

0.68

0.48

–

0.96

0.030

2013

0.65

0.46

–

0.91

0.013

2014

0.57

0.41

–

0.80

0.001

2015

0.64

0.46

–

0.90

0.009

2016

0.55

0.40

–

0.77

<0.001

2017

0.44

0.32

–

0.61

<0.001