Table 1 Characteristics of the 120 study participants, data are shown in mean ± SD or n (%) as appropriate
Characteristic | Mean ± SD | Range |
|---|---|---|
Infants | ||
Male, n (%) | 70 (58) | - |
Age (months) | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 6—12 |
Weight (kg) | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 5.3—10.6 |
Length (cm) | 68 ± 3 | 60—77 |
Head circumference (cm) | 43.3 ± 1.6 | 39—46 |
Weight z-score | 0.45 ± 1.30 | -2.28—3.71 |
Length z-score | 0.56 ± 0.99 | -1.83—3.40 |
Head circumference z-score | -0.07 ± 0.93 | -2.46—2.92 |
Main milk feeding, n (%) | ||
Breast feeding | 61 (51) | - |
Formula feeding | 59 (49) | - |
Main caregiver, n (%) | ||
Parents (mother ± father) | 95 (79) | - |
Grandparents | 25 (21) | - |
Dress, n (%) | ||
Short-sleeved shirts and short pants | 100 (83) | - |
Long-sleeved shirts and long pants | 20 (17) | - |
Days of sunlight exposure per week, n (%) | ||
6–7 days | 65 (54) | - |
4–5 days | 25 (21) | - |
2–3 days | 16 (13) | - |
1 day | 14 (12) | - |
Duration of sun exposure per day (minutes) | 15 ± 9 | 2—30 |
Duration of sun exposure per week (minutes) | 85 ± 46 | 5—210 |
Time of exposure, n (%) | ||
Before 10.00 h | 84 (70) | - |
During 10.00–15.00 h | 4 (3) | - |
After 15.00 h | 32 (27) | - |
Mothers | ||
Age (years) | 33 ± 5 | 22—42 |
Weight (kg) | 58 ± 15 | 39–90 |
Height (cm) | 159 ± 6 | 147—172 |
Level of education, n (%) | ||
Bachelor | 93 (77) | - |
High school | 27 (23) | - |
Family income (Baht per month)* | 40,000 ± 25,000 | 15,000—180,000 |