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Table 1 Distribution of child birth weight outcomes over socio-demographic characteristics of the children, 2015-16 MDHS (n = 11,680)

From: Analysing outlier communities to child birth weight outcomes in Malawi: application of multinomial logistic regression model diagnostics

Characteristic

Total (%)

<2,500g (%)

2,500-4,000g (%)

>4,000g (%)

X2p-value

Overall sample

11,680 (100)

1,940 (16.61)

8,428 (72.16)

1,312 (11.23)

 

Mother’s age at birth

      <20

962 (8.05)

223 (21.86)

653 (68.98)

86 (9.16)

 

      20-34

8,478 (74.11)

1,338 (14.88)

6,211 (75.01)

929 (10.10)

<0.0001

      35-49

2,240 (17.84)

379 (16.37)

1,564 (70.38)

297 (13.25)

 

Birth order

      1

2,825 (26.70)

570 (18.64)

2,021 (73.48)

234 (7.88)

 

      2-3

4,432 (40.44)

675 (13.93)

3,258 (75.48)

499 (10.59)

<0.0001

      4-5

2,779 (22.06)

430 (15.34)

2,006 (72.69)

343 (11.97)

 

      6+

1,644 (10.80)

265 (15.87)

1,143 (69.67)

236 (14.46)

 

Mother’s education

      No education

1,206 (7.68)

229 (18.47)

821 (69.23)

156 (12.31)

 

      Primary

7,529 (56.73)

1,300 (17.01)

5,333 (71.20)

896 (11.79)

 

      Secondary

2,703 (31.45)

389 (13.60)

2,066 (77.66)

248 (8.74)

<0.0001

      Higher

242 (4.15)

22 (8.82)

208 (86.22)

12 (4.97)

 

Wealth index

      Poor

4, 711 (7.68)

881 (18.47)

3,276 (69.23)

554 (12.31)

 

      Rich

2,229 (14.23)

375 (17.24)

1,586 (71.49)

268 (11.28)

<0.0001

      Richer

4,740 (58.04)

684 (13.97)

3,566 (76.24)

490 (9.79)

 

Place of residence

      Urban

2,164 (18.53)

309 (14.28)

1,648 (76.16)

207 (9.57)

 

      Rural

9,516 (81.47)

1,631 (17.14)

6,780 (71.25)

1,105 (11.61)

<0.001

Mother smokes

      No

11,619 (99.52)

1,930 (15.68)

8,384 (73.74)

1,305 (10.59)

<0.001

      Yes

61 (0.48)

10 (22.05)

44 (66.60)

7 (11.35)

<0.001

Twin birth

      No

11,446 (98.15)

1,817 (15.00)

8,328 (74.29)

1,301 (10.71)

 

      Yes

234 (1.85)

123 (53.14)

100 (42.78)

11 (4.08)

<0.001

ANC visits

      <3

1,389 (11.21)

320 (20.69)

954 (69.25)

133 (10.06)

 

      3-7

10,084 (86.78)

1600 (15.08)

7,330 (74.21)

1,154 (10.71)

<0.001

      >7

207 (2.02)

38 (15.22)

144 (76.50)

25 (8.29)

 

Child’s Sex

      Female

5,932 (51.38)

836 (13.38)

4,320 (74.13)

776 (12.49)

 

      Male

5,748 (48.62)

1,104 (18.17)

2,108 (73.25)

536 (8.58)

<0.001

Caesarean birth

      No

10,817 (90.60)

1,804 (53.78)

7,862 (74.43)

1,151 (9.79)

 

      Yes

827 (9.40)

132 (15.73)

538 (73.70)

157 (15.70)

<0.001

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