Health-Related Quality of Life and mental health of families with children and adolescents affected by rare diseases and high disease burden: the perspective of affected children and their siblings

Table 3 Distribution of mental health self-report and parent report ratings in the SDQ and comparison to norm data

	Study sample				Norm data^bc		Sample vs. norm data: one sample t-test
	n	M	[95% CI]	SD	M	SD	p	d
Self-report
Emotional symptoms	25	2.8	[2.01; 3.59]	1.91	2.3	1.9	.204	0.26
Conduct problems	25	1.5	[1.05; 2.07]	1.23	2.0	1.4	.086	-0.40
Hyperactivity	25	2.8	[1.89; 3.86]	2.39	3.7	2.0	.099	-0.38
Peer problems	25	2.7	[2.12; 3.40]	1.56	2.0	1.6	.023	0.45*
Prosocial behavior	25	7.9	[7.18; 8.74]	1.88	7.7	1.7	.496	0.11
Total	25	10.0	[8.15; 11.85]	4.47	10.0	4.6	.999	0.00
Parent report
Emotional symptoms	44	2.2	[1.62; 2.79]	1.91	2.0	3.05	.482	0.11
Conduct problems	44	1.9	[1.52; 2.44]	1.52	2.2	2.03	.336	-0.19
Hyperactivity	44	4.2	[3.54; 5.00]	2.41	3.2	4.07	.005	0.41**
Peer problems	44	2.4	[1.90; 3.05]	1.90	1.4	2.03	.001	0.53***
Prosocial behavior	44	6.0	[5.34; 6.66]	2.16	8.3	2.03	.001	-1.06***
Total	44	10.9	[9.48; 12.38]	4.76	8.5	6.10	.002	0.50**

Note. Possible range for subscales 0–10 and total score 0–40. Higher scores represent lower mental health for all subscales, except prosocial behavior, where lower scores correspond to more difficulties in prosocial behavior. CI Confidence interval
^bNorm data of children and adolescents, self-report [40]
^cNorm data of children and adolescents, parent report [41]
^*p < .05
^**p < .01
^***p < .001. d = Cohen’s d

ISSN: 1471-2431