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Table 5 Change in Symptoms according to the Parent Global Impressions of Autism Score, for the present study, sorted in order from most to least improved, followed by the Overall rating and Average rating. Results for a previous study (treatment and placebo groups), are shown for comparison. The rating is done on a 7-point scale, from -3 (much worse) to 0 (no change) to + 3 (much better). A t-test comparing the present study vs. the treatment group and vs the placebo group of the Adams 2011 study are shown. The raw effect size and net effect size (Cohen’s d) are shown

From: Vitamin/mineral/micronutrient supplement for autism spectrum disorders: a research survey

Symptom

Present Study (ANRC-EP)

2011 Treatment Study (treatment group)

2011 Treatment Study (Placebo group)

ttest (present vs 2011 treatment

Ttest (present vs 2011 placebo

Raw Effect size (present study)

Estimate of Net Effect Size (Cohen’s d)

Receptive Language/Comprehension

1.06 (1.0)

0.91

(1.1)

0.51

(0.92)

n.s

p < 0.001

1.04

0.57

Cognition/Thinking

1.05 (1.0)

0.74

(1.0)

0.43

(0.84)

n.s

p < 0.001

1.04

0.64

Attention/Focus

1.04 (1.0)

    

1.04

 

Expressive Language/Speech

0.97 (1.0)

1.09

(1.1)

0.71

(0.92)

n.s

p = 0.10

0.95

0.26

Play/Leisure Skills

0.94

0.81

(0.88)

0.51

(0.87)

n.s

p = 0.005

0.95

0.45

Sociability

0.86 (0.94)

0.77

(0.95)

0.63

(0.92)

n.s

n.s

0.91

0.25

Eye Contact

0.76 (0.91)

0.66

(0.98)

0.40

(0.85)

n.s

p = 0.01

0.84

0.40

Irritability/Mood

0.74 (1.2)

    

0.63

 

Tantrums/Meltdowns

0.73 (1.2)

0.4

(1.1)

-0.10

(0.80)

p = 0.07

p < 0.001

0.63

0.77

Stools/GI Problems

0.65 (1.0)

0.68

(1.1)

0.35

(1.1)

n.s

p = 0.10

0.62

0.28

Sensory Sensitivity

0.59 (0.95)

    

0.62

 

Anxiety

0.57 (1.1)

    

0.52

 

Sleep

0.52 (0.96)

0.3

(0.87)

0.13

(0.99)

n.s

p = 0.02

0.54

0.40

Self-limited Diet (will only eat a few foods)

0.48 (0.88)

    

0.55

 

Self-Abusive

0.47 (1.0)

    

0.46

 

Aggression

0.45 (1.1)

    

0.41

 

Stimming/Perseveration

0.39 (1.1)

    

0.34

 

Hyperactivity

0.31 (1.1)

0.31

(0.67)

-0.06

(0.55)

n.s

p = 0.003

0.28

 

Seizures

0.19 (0.62)

    

0.32

 

OVERALL Autism/Related Symptoms

1.11 (0.98)

1.02

(1.0)

0.56

(0.86)

n.s

p < 0.001

1.13

0.57

Average of All Scores

0.75 (0.77)

    

0.97

 

Average of scores used in 2011 study

0.82 (0.76)

0.70

(0.65)

0.37

(0.54)

n.s

p < 0.001

1.07

0.66