Table 1 Basic information and comparison between children with and without asthma
Characteristic | Total (n = 12,967) | Whether had asthma | Statistic | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 2,076) | No (n = 10,891) | ||||
Age, years, Mean (SE) | 7.87 (0.03) | 8.32 (0.08) | 7.79 (0.04) | t = 5.90 | < 0.001 |
PIR, Mean (SE) | 2.35 (0.04) | 2.26 (0.06) | 2.36 (0.04) | t = -1.80 | 0.074 |
Serum cotinine, ng/ml, n (%)1 | χ2 = 12.434 | < 0.001 | |||
Low-level (< 0.0436) | 6,182 (49.86) | 845 (44.98) | 5,337 (50.75) | ||
High-level (≥ 0.0436) | 6,785 (50.14) | 1,231 (55.02) | 5,554 (49.25) | ||
Gender, n (%)1 | χ2 = 32.192 | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 6,578 (52.10) | 1,220 (59.63) | 5,358 (50.73) | ||
Female | 6,389 (47.90) | 856 (40.37) | 5,533 (49.27) | ||
Ethnicity, n (%)1 | χ2 = 62.465 | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 3,537 (15.24) | 414 (11.63) | 3,123 (15.90) | ||
Other Hispanic | 1,087 (7.04) | 223 (8.81) | 864 (6.72) | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 3,674 (55.86) | 528 (52.42) | 3,146 (56.49) | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 3,466 (13.91) | 727 (19.27) | 2,739 (12.93) | ||
Other races | 1,203 (7.94) | 184 (7.88) | 1,019 (7.96) | ||
BMI groups, n (%)1 | χ2 = 42.440 | < 0.001 | |||
Croup A | 8,405 (67.33) | 1,202 (59.17) | 7,203 (68.81) | ||
Croup B | 2,056 (15.59) | 342 (17.17) | 1,714 (15.30) | ||
Croup C | 2,506 (17.08) | 532 (23.65) | 1,974 (15.89) | ||
Gender of the household reference person2, n (%)1 | χ2 = 12.851 | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 5,895 (50.37) | 794 (45.42) | 5,101 (51.26) | ||
Female | 7,072 (49.63) | 1,282 (54.58) | 5,790 (48.74) | ||
Age of the household reference person, years, Mean (S.E) | 34.96 (0.22) | 35.16 (0.53) | 34.93 (0.23) | t = 0.43 | 0.669 |
Education of the household reference person, n (%)1 | χ2 = 8.893 | 0.064 | |||
Less than 9th grade | 1,624 (8.36) | 193 (7.08) | 1,431 (8.59) | ||
9-11th grade | 2,849 (17.97) | 482 (19.66) | 2,367 (17.66) | ||
High school graduate | 3,079 (24.22) | 502 (24.48) | 2,577 (24.17) | ||
Some college or AA degree | 3,291 (26.53) | 577 (28.24) | 2,714 (26.22) | ||
College graduate or higher | 2,124 (22.92) | 322 (20.53) | 1,802 (23.35) | ||
Marital status of the household reference person, n (%)1 | χ2 = 30.438 | < 0.001 | |||
Divorced | 1,252 (9.49) | 240 (11.05) | 1,012 (9.21) | ||
Living with partner | 888 (5.61) | 141 (6.27) | 747 (5.49) | ||
Married | 8,088 (70.08) | 1,140 (63.68) | 6,948 (71.24) | ||
Never married | 1,646 (7.97) | 343 (10.85) | 1,303 (7.45) | ||
Separated | 706 (4.13) | 132 (4.72) | 574 (4.02) | ||
Widowed | 387 (2.73) | 80 (3.44) | 307 (2.60) | ||
Anyone smokes in home, n (%)1 | χ2 = 2.677 | 0.102 | |||
No | 10,235 (78.59) | 1,582 (76.57) | 8,653 (78.96) | ||
Yes | 2,732 (21.41) | 494 (23.43) | 2,238 (21.04) | ||