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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants and comparison between groups

From: Association between executive functions and gross motor skills in overweight/obese and eutrophic preschoolers: cross-sectional study

Variable

Eutrophic (n = 25)

Overweight/Obese (n = 24)

φ/φc/r

p

Sex, n (%)

  

0.06

.776 a

 Male

13.00 (52.00)

14.00 (58.3)

  

 Female

12.00 (48.00)

10.00 (41.7)

  

Age in years, median (min-max)

5.00 (3.00–5.00)

5.00 (3.00–5.00)

0.09

.534 b

Socioeconomic status, n (%)

  

0.25

.576 a

 B

4.00 (16.00)

9.00 (37.50)

  

 C

18.00 (72.00)

13.00 (54.10)

  

 D-E

3.00 (12.00)

2.00 (8.30)

  

Maternal education, n (%)

  

0.28

.255 a

 Elementary 1

–

2.00 (8.30)

  

 Elementary 2

3.00 (12.0)

3.00 (12.50)

  

 High School

18.00 (72.0)

12.00 (50.00)

  

 Graduated

4.00 (16.0)

7.00 (29.20)

  

ECERS in score, median (min-max)

2.65 (1.90–2.90)

2.71 (1.90–2.92)

0.03

.809 b

EC_HOME in score, median (min-max)

37.00 (30.00–47.00)

41.00 (30.00–50.00)

0.25

.077 b

BMI in kg/m2, median (min-max)

15.40 (14.10–17.00)

21.60 (19.00–30.10)

0.86

.000 b *

TGMD-2 in score, median (min-max)

 Locomotor

9.00 (5.00–12.00)

7.00 (4.00–14.00)

0.39

.007 b *

 OC

8.00 (4.00–15.00)

8.00 (6.00–12.00)

0.04

.800 b

 GMQ

94.00 (76.00–118.00)

85.00 (73.00–103.00)

0.25

.085 b

SVF in score, median (min-max)

 Word production

41.00 (24.00–65.00)

40.5 (26.00–57.00)

0.02

.904 b

 Number of errors

1.00 (0.00–4.00)

0.00 (0.00–4.00)

0.14

.321 b

TH, median (min-max)

 Number of movements

13.00 (6.00–15.00)

13.00 (5.00–15.00)

0.07

.641 b

 Rule breaks

5.00 (2.00–8.00)

5.00 (1.00–8.00)

0.09

.528 b

Delayed Gratification, median (min-max)

15.00 (2.00–15.00)

15.00 (1.00–15.00)

0.09

.524 b

Day/Night Stroop, median (min-max)

16.00 (3.00–16.00)

14.00 (8.00–16.00)

0.15

.296 b

  1. n: absolute value; %: percentage; Socioeconomic status: high income - A and B, average income - C; low income - D and E; Elementary 1: up to the fifth school year; Elementary 2: up to the ninth school year; High School: three years of intermediate/high school; Graduated: university education; ECERS Environment rating scales in early childhood education, EC_HOME Early Childhood Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, BMI Body Mass Index, TGMD-2 Gross Motor Development Test 2, Locomotor Standard Score Locomotor, OC Standard Score Object Control, GMQ Gross Motor Quotient, SVF Semantic Verbal Fluency, TH Tower of Hanoi
  2. aPearson Chi-Square
  3. bMann Whitney
  4. * Significant difference (p < .05)