Parental divorce and smoking dependence in Lebanese adolescents: the mediating effect of mental health problems

BMC Pediatrics

Table 2 Bivariate analysis taking the FTND and LWDS-11 as the dependent variables

	FTND	p-value	LWDS	p-value
	Mean ± SD	p-value	Mean ± SD	p-value
Gender
Male	1.50 ± 2.74	0.648	5.00 ± 8.87	0.225
Female	1.56 ± 2.91	0.648	4.50 ± 8.51	0.225
Effect size	0.021		0.057
Parental status
Living together	1.22 ± 2.52	< 0.001	4.09 ± 8.37	< 0.001
Divorced	3.90 ± 3.77	< 0.001	9.65 ± 9.47	< 0.001
Effect size	0.835		0.622
	Correlation coefficient	p-value	Correlation coefficient	p-value
Insomnia	0.098	< 0.001	0.148	< 0.001
Anxiety	0.166	< 0.001	0.353	< 0.001
Depression	0.109	< 0.001	0.220	< 0.001
Suicidal ideation	0.513	< 0.001	0.391	< 0.001
Age	-0.147	< 0.001	-0.152	< 0.001
Household crowding index	-0.089	< 0.001	-0.081	0.001
Physical activity score	-0.042	0.097	-0.021	0.411

FTND Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, LWDS-11 Lebanon Waterpipe dependence scale – 11

ISSN: 1471-2431