Correlation between crown-rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes

BMC Pediatrics

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population (n = 15 524)

Clinical Characteristics of the mother-infant pairs		CRL Standard Deviation Score (Mean ± SD)	P value
Gestational age when CRL was recorded (weeks) (Mean ± SD)	11.82 ± 0.74
Maternal Age (years) (Mean ± SD) (%)^abc	30.4 ± 3.7		< .001
< 25 (3.7)		-0.17 ± 1.02
25–35 (87.3)		-0.04 ± 0.99
> 35 (9.0)		0.28 ± 0.99
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²) (Mean ± SD) (%) ^bc	21.0 ± 2.6		< .001
< 18.5 (13.3)		0.02 ± 0.98
18.5–24 (75.6)		0.02 ± 0.99
≥ 24 (11.1)		-0.15 ± 1.06
Primipara (%)	9896(63.7)		< .001
1		-0.04 ± 0.99
≥ 2		0.06 ± 1.01
Folic acid supplement use	2212(14.2)
No		-0.01 ± 1.01
Yes		0.04 ± 0.95
Vitamin D concentration (nmol/L) (Mean ± SD)^a	42.97 ± 15.85		0.001
< 50(67.6)		-0.02 ± 1.01
50–75(29.4)		0.02 ± 0.99
> 75(8.1)		0.14 ± 0.95
Family history of diabetes (%)	1253 (0.08)	-
Family history of thyroid disease (%)	8	-
Gestational diabetes mellitus (%)	1594 (10.3)	-
Preeclampsia (%)	378 (2.4)	-
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (%)	109 (0.7)	-
Delivery mode			0.446
Spontaneous delivery	8934 (57.6)	-0.01 ± 1.00
cesarean	6588 (42.4)	0.01 ± 0.99
Male fetus (%)	8025 (51.7)		< .001
Male		0.05 ± 1.00
Female		-0.05 ± 1.00
Apgar score (Mean ± SD)	9.89 ± 0.65	-
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) (Mean ± SD) ^ac	38.9 ± 1.4	-	0.001
< 34 (0.9)		-0.10 ± 1.01
34–36⁺⁶ (4.4)		0.14 ± 1.07
≥ 37 (94.7)		-0.01 ± 1.00

Values represent mean (SD), median (90% range), or number of subjects (%). One-way ANOVA was applied for variance (or the Kruskal–Wallis test) to compare multiple groups, with Bonferroni corrections for post hoc tests. The mothers included in the analyses had a known and reliable date of the first day of the last menstrual period, a regular menstrual cycle of 28 ± 4 days, and a visit between 7 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Mothers excluded from the analyses had an unknown or unreliable date on the first day of their last menstrual period or an irregular menstrual cycle. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy, and gestational age were divided into three groups. Therefore, we used the same characters to indicate the results of the post-hoc tests. ^aGroup 1 vs. Group 2; ^bGroup 1 vs. Group 3; ^cGroup 2 vs. Group 3

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