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Table 3 Estimates from multilevel models of weight-for-age z-scores

From: Age heterogeneities in child growth and its associated socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional study in India

Variables

Unadjusted Results

Adjusted Results

Main effect

Interaction age

Interaction age-squared

Main effect

Interaction age

Interaction age-squared

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Child's age

-0.008*

-

 

-0.062*

-

 

(0.000)

-

 

(0.011)

-

 

Age squared

0.000*

-

 

0.001*

-

 

(0.000)

-

 

(0.000)

-

 

Male

-0.104*

-0.009*

0.0005*

-0.108*

-0.008*

0.0003*

(0.021)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

(0.020)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

Higher birth order (4 +)

0.034

-0.038*

0.0013*

-0.064#

-0.026*

0.0005*

(0.037)

(0.005)

(0.0002)

(0.039)

(0.005)

(0.0002)

Short preceding birth interval (< 24 months)

-0.072*

-0.020*

0.0006*

-0.067*

-0.012*

0.0003*

(0.028)

(0.004)

(0.0001)

(0.028)

(0.004)

(0.0001)

Small birth size

-0.612*

0.024*

-0.0006*

-0.588*

0.028*

-0.0005*

(0.031)

(0.004)

(0.0002)

(0.031)

(0.004)

(0.0002)

Mother's age at marriage

0.001

0.003*

-0.0001*

-0.004

0.001*

 < -0.0001#

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.0000)

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.0000)

Mother's higher education

0.053*

0.041*

-0.0014*

-0.028

0.032*

-0.0006*

(0.020)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

(0.027)

(0.005)

(0.0002)

Mother's height (in 10 cm)

0.172*

0.011*

-0.0003*

0.182*

0.007*

-0.0002*

(0.010)

(0.001)

(0.0001)

(0.011)

(0.001)

(0.0001)

Mother's BMI (in kg/m2)

0.147*

0.012*

-0.0004*

0.151*

0.008*

-0.0002*

(0.011)

(0.002)

(0.0001)

(0.012)

(0.002)

(0.0001)

Mother's media exposure

0.073*

0.033*

-0.0012*

0.040

0.004

-0.0001

(0.021)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

(0.026)

(0.004)

(0.0001)

Solid fuel

-0.084*

-0.043*

0.0015*

-0.016

-0.006*

0.0002

(0.023)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

(0.023)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

Poor wealth

-0.137*

-0.043*

0.0015*

-0.084*

-0.025*

0.0005*

(0.021)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

(0.030)

(0.004)

(0.0002)

Urban residence

0.009

0.031*

-0.0010*

0.091*

0.002*

 < -0.0001*

(0.025)

(0.003)

(0.0001)

(0.031)

(0.004)

(0.0000)

Proportion of poor HH in communitya

-0.026*

-0.006*

0.0002*

-0.031*

-0.003*

0.0001*

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.0000)

(0.006)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

Proportion of HH practices OD in communitya

-0.048*

-0.002*

0.0001*

-0.040*

0.002

 < -0.0001*

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.0000)

(0.004)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

Proportion of mother not having primary schoolinga

-0.027*

-0.006*

0.0002*

-0.009*

-0.002*

0.0001*

(0.004)

(0.000)

(0.0000)

(0.004)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

Proportion of children vaccinated in the districta

-0.039*

0.007*

-0.0002*

-0.084*

0.005*

-0.0001*

(0.010)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

(0.007)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

Under-five mortality in the district

-0.082*

-0.003*

0.0001*

-0.051*

0.001

 < -0.0001

(0.007)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

(0.007)

(0.001)

(0.0000)

Constant

-

-

-

-0.085

-

-

-

-

-

(0.088)

-

-

Variance: mother

-

-

-

0.319*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.005)

-

-

Variance: community

-

-

-

0.058*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.004)

-

-

Variance: district

-

-

-

0.056*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.003)

-

-

  1. Standard errors are clustered at the PSU level and are shown in parentheses
  2. Interactions between variable and ‘age × age-squared’ (βk‴) were estimated in both unadjusted as well as adjusted models, but are not shown
  3. a \(\beta\) and SE are given for 10 percentage point change in the variable
  4. *p < 0.05, # p < 0.10
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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