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Table 2 Estimates from multilevel models of height-for-age z-scores

From: Age heterogeneities in child growth and its associated socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional study in India

Variables

Unadjusted Model

Adjusted Model

Main effect

Interaction age

Interaction break

Main effect

Interaction age

Interaction break

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Child's age

-0.018*

-

-

-0.112*

-

-

(0.000)

-

-

(0.007)

-

-

Break

-0.586*

-

-

-1.890*

-

-

(0.007)

-

-

(0.156)

-

-

Male

-0.248*

0.002

-0.073#

-0.259*

0.002

-0.062

(0.023)

(0.002)

(0.041)

(0.023)

(0.002)

(0.040)

Higher birth order (4 +)

0.060

-0.019*

-0.411*

-0.056

-0.005#

-0.054

(0.042)

(0.003)

(0.072)

(0.044)

(0.003)

(0.076)

Short preceding birth interval (< 24 months)

-0.102*

-0.011*

-0.409*

-0.094*

-0.008*

-0.318*

(0.032)

(0.002)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.002)

(0.055)

Small birth size

-0.613*

0.020*

0.079*

-0.590*

0.022*

0.147*

(0.035)

(0.003)

(0.001)

(0.035)

(0.003)

(0.063)

Mother's age at marriage

0.004

0.002*

0.050*

-0.004

0.001*

0.023*

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.005)

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.006)

Mother's higher education

0.224*

0.018*

0.430*

0.106*

0.005#

0.133*

(0.039)

(0.003)

(0.070)

(0.041)

(0.003)

(0.075)

Mother's height (in 10 cm)

0.239*

0.005*

0.170*

0.244*

0.004*

0.147*

(0.012)

(0.001)

(0.020)

(0.012)

(0.001)

(0.021)

Mother's BMI (in kg/m2)

0.144*

0.002*

0.070*

0.143*

-0.001

-0.012

(0.012)

(0.001)

(0.020)

(0.013)

(0.001)

(0.022)

Mother's media exposure

0.082*

0.016*

0.366*

0.007

0.005*

0.080#

(0.024)

(0.002)

(0.041)

(0.029)

(0.002)

(0.051)

Solid fuel

-0.231*

-0.013*

-0.280*

-0.081*

0.002

0.059

(0.026)

(0.002)

(0.044)

(0.026)

(0.002)

(0.045)

Poor wealth

-0.223*

-0.017*

-0.472*

-0.083*

-0.007*

-0.216*

(0.023)

(0.002)

(0.040)

(0.034)

(0.003)

(0.059)

Urban residence

0.025

0.016*

0.279*

0.189*

0.011*

0.133*

(0.029)

(0.002)

(0.047)

(0.035)

(0.003)

(0.059)

Proportion of poor HH in communitya

-0.043*

-0.002*

-0.053*

-0.003

-0.001#

-0.023*

(0.004)

(0.000)

(0.006)

(0.007)

(0.000)

(0.011)

Proportion of HH practices OD in communitya

-0.049*

-0.001*

-0.041*

-0.027*

-0.001*

-0.004

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.000)

(0.008)

Proportion of mother not having primary schoolinga

-0.029*

-0.003*

-0.071*

-0.002

-0.001*

-0.027*

(0.004)

(0.000)

(0.007)

(0.005)

(0.000)

(0.009)

Proportion of children vaccinated in the districta

0.047*

0.006*

0.088*

0.079*

0.004*

0.058*

(0.011)

(0.001)

(0.012)

(0.001)

(0.000)

(0.001)

Under-five mortality in the district (per 100 births)

-0.068*

-0.002*

-0.094*

-0.027*

 < -0.001

-0.041*

(0.007)

(0.000)

(0.009)

(0.007)

(0.000)

(0.010)

Constant

-

-

-

0.863*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.097)

-

-

Variance: mother

-

-

-

0.441*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.011)

-

-

Variance: community

-

-

-

0.141*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.004)

-

-

Variance: district

-

-

-

0.042*

-

-

-

-

-

(0.003)

-

-

  1. Standard errors are clustered at the PSU level and are shown in parentheses
  2. Interactions between variable and ‘age × break’ (βk‴) were estimated in both unadjusted as well as adjusted models, but are not shown
  3. a \(\beta\) and SE are given for 10 percentage point change in the variable
  4. * p < 0.05, # p < 0.10
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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