Table 4 Predictors of underweight across ecological zones

Age of household head

0.998 [0.971–1.024]

0.885

0.977 [0.886–1.077]

0.640

0.991[0.943–1.042]

0.735

1.027 [0.985–1.071]

0.217

Sex of the child^a

2.021 [0.981–4.165]

0.057

23.210 [3.144–171.368]

0.002*

4.394 [1.310–14.735]

0.017*

1.366 [0.452–4.126]

0.580

Height/ length

0.974 [0.934–1.016]

0.218

0.902 [0.789–1.030]

0.129

0.873 [0.807–0.943]

0.001*

0.991 [0.970–1.012]

0.404

Education level of caregiver^b

2.818 [1.756–4.523]

< 0.001*

25.898 [2.080–322.477]

0.011*

1.396 [0.139–13.993]

0.777

2.456 [0.295–20.454]

0.406

Group membership^c

0.539 [0.384–0.756]

< 0.001*

1.463[0.173–12.360]

0.727

0.446 [0.119–1.665]

0.229

0.659 [0.166–2.612]

0.553

Household expenses

0.646 [0.413–1.010]

0.055

0.130 [0.026–0.652]

0.013*

1.159 [0.434–3.097]

0.769

0.431 [0.226–0.825]

0.011*

Caregiver’s age

1.015 [1.002–1.028]

0.015*

0.993 [0.944–1.045]

0.791

1.117 [0.969–1.287]

0.128

1.022 [0.999–1.046]

0.062

Age at introduction of complementary food

1.383 [1.016–1.882]

0.039*

1.432 [0.679–3.022]

0.346

1.180 [0.645–2.160]

0.591

1.784 [0.871–3.654]

0.113

Drinking water treatment^d

2.011 [0.876–4.618]

0.099

0.279 [0.009–8.857]

0.469

1.499 [0.461–4.868]

0.501

7.034 [1.302–37.986]

0.023*

Sun drying of utensils^e

1.270 [0.851–1.897]

0.242

3.183 [0.351–28.904]

0.304

0.964 [0.290–3.205]

0.953

1.843 [0.403–8.437]

0.431

Consumption of leftover food^f

1.334 [0.825–2.158]

0.240

0.879 [0.021–36.657]

0.946

3.524 [0.834–14.893]

0.087

1.119 [0.151–8.310]

0.912

Flour storage duration

0.926 [0.875–0.980]

0.008*

1.575 [0.478–5.187]

0.455

0.805 [0.692–0.935]

0.005*

1.080 [0.714–1.634]

0.714

Cooking duration

1.345 [1.238–1.461]

< 0.001*

2.206 [1.168–4.167]

0.015*

1.246 [0.695–2.234]

0.460

2.192 [0.940–5.109]

0.069

Breastfeeding^g

1.940 [0.560–6.719]

0.296

2.388 [0.416–13.700]

0.32

0.211 [0.048–0.923]

0.039*

3.461 [1.148–10.431]

0.027*

Latrine ownership^h

1.510 [0.545–4.182]

0.428

13.011 [0.626–270.533]

0.097

0.346 [0.069–1.743]

0.198

5.679 [1.293–24.940]

0.021*

Cereals storage (sacks)ⁱ

0.521 [0.049–5.584]

0.590

1.854 [0.108–31.913]

0.671

0.017 [0.002–0.160]

< 0.001*

Cereals storage (granary)^j

0.749 [0.140–4.016]

0.736

0.261[0.013–5.123]

0.377

0.064 [0.007–0.578]

0.014*

Constant

17.275 [0.082–3647.317]

0.297

3.42E+ 09 [1.325-

8.84E+ 18]

0.047

83,342.88 [1.74615-

3.98E+ 09]

0.039

0.431[0.000–1397.407]

0.838

Wald chi²(19)

48.51

39.22

30.66

25.23

Prob > chi²

0.00

0.002

0.047

Log likelihood

−139.525

−19.156

- 47.002

Pseudo R²

0.158

0.484

0.235