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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of children compared between those with and without BBD 

From: Screening and management of bladder and bowel dysfunction in general pediatric outpatient clinic: a prospective observational study

Demographic and clinical data

BBD

(n = 90)

No BBD

(n = 952)

p-value

Age (years), mean ± SD

6.9 ± 2.2

7.1 ± 2.3

0.293

  Age ≤ 5 years, n (%)

21 (23.3%)

218 (22.9%)

0.931

  Age 5–10 years, n (%)

56 (62.2%)

591 (62.1%)

0.985

  Age > 10 years, n (%)

13 (14.4%)

143 (15.0%)

0.879

Female gender, n (%)

67 (74.4%)

412 (43.3%)

< 0.001

Parents living together, n (%)

71 (78.9%)

714 (75.0%)

0.412

Number of siblings, mean ± SD

1.89 ± 0.73

1.79 ± 0.75

0.213

Monthly family income (THB/month), n (%)

19 (21.1%)

149 (15.7%)

0.184

  < 10,000

36 (40.0%)

341 (35.8%)

0.428

  10,000–25,000

26 (28.9%)

313 (32.9%)

0.439

  25,001–50,000

9 (10.0%)

149 (15.7%)

0.150

  > 50,000

32 (35.6%)

284 (29.8%)

0.280

Underlying disease, n (%)

  Any underlying disease

32 (35.6%)

284 (29.8%)

0.280

  Allergic disorder

22 (24.4%)

203 (21.3%)

 

  Neuropsychiatric disorder

6 (6.7%)

18 (1.9%)

 

  History of UTI, n (%)

2 (2.2%)

12 (1.3%)

0.344

  1. Abbreviations: BBD bladder and bowel dysfunction, SD standard deviation, THB Thai baht, UTI urinary tract infection
  2. A p-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance