The effect of concurrent use of swaddle and sucrose on the intensity of pain during venous blood sampling in neonate: a clinical trial study

Table 3 Comparison of neonatal pain between and within study groups in baseline, during, and after blood sampling

Stages	Baseline	During blood sampling	After blood sampling
Groups	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Sucrose (n = 15)	4.26 ± 1.71	7.73 ± 2.73 ^a	8.13 ± 2.66 ^a
Swaddle (n = 15)	4.53 ± 2.35	9.86 ± 3.33 ^a	7.73 ± 2.78 ^a
sucrose swaddle (n = 15)	3.46 ± 1.24	4.53 ± 1.30^{a, b, c}	4.33 ± 1.23 ^{a, b, c}
Control (n = 15)	2.80 ± 1.08	12.13 ± 2.06	10.00 ± 1.96
P value	0.059	0.001	0.001

^a significantly different compared to the control group, ^b significantly different compared to the sucrose group, ^c significantly different compared to the swaddle group

ISSN: 1471-2431