Table 3 Characteristics and key recommendations of newborn hearing screening guidelines included in the study
No | Country/region | Developer | Year | Title | Well-babies | NICU newborns | Initial screening coverage (%) | Referral rate to diagnosis (%) | Diagnosis time | Intervention time | Follow-up time for risk newborns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First screening time | First screening technology | Rescreening time | Rescreening technology | With/without rescreening | Screening technology | ||||||||||
1 | America [19] | The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing | 2019 | Year 2019 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs | Before discharge | OAE/AABR | Within 1 month | OAE/ AABR | Without | AABR | > 95 | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | Age of 9 months |
2 | Europe [20] | European Standards of Care for Newborn Health | 2018 | Hearing screening | During the first weeks of life | AABR | Within 1 month | AABR | Without | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
3 | Germany [21] | Matula P et al | 2018 | The Newborn Hearing Screening Program in Germany | On the second or third day of life before discharge | OAE/AABR | / | AABR | Without | AABR | > 95 | < 4 | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | |
4 | South Africa [22] | The Health Professions Council of South Africa | 2018 | Professional Board for Speech Language and Hearing Professions: Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) | Before 1 month of age and within 6 weeks of age | OAE | Within 1 month after discharge, approximately 2.5 months of age | OAE | With | AABR | > 95 | < 5 | Before 3 months of age and within 4 months of age | Before 6 months of age and within 8 months of age | Age of 9 months |
5 | International [23] | Farinetti A et al | 2018 | International Consensus (ICON) on Audiological Assessment of Hearing Loss in Children | Before discharge | OAE | Within 1 month | OAE/AABR | / | AABR | > 95 | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
6 | India [24] | Indian Academy of Pediatrics | 2017 | Consensus Statement of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics on Newborn Hearing Screening | 72 h after birth or on the day of discharge | OAE | Four weeks after first screening, or at 6 weeks on the first immunization visit | OAE | Without | ABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
7 | Italy [25] | Berrettini S et al | 2017 | Newborn hearing screening protocol in the Tuscany region | 24 h after birth and before discharge | OAE | Within 1 month | AABR | Without | OAE + AABR | > 98 | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | Age of a year |
8 | England [3] | Public Health England | 2016 | NHS Newborn Hearing Screening Program: Standards 2016 to 2017 | 72 h after birth to 10 days of age | OAE | Within 4–5 weeks of age | / | / | AABR | 97 ~ 99.5 | 2.5–3 | Within 4 weeks of screen completion | Within 4 weeks of screen completion or by 44 weeks gestational age | / |
9 | New Zealand [26] | Ministry of Health | 2016 | Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Early Intervention Program: National Policy and Quality Standards | / | OAE/AABR | Within 1 month | OAE/ AABR | Without | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | Age of 18 months |
10 | International [27] | IPOG | 2016 | IPOG Consensus Recommendations: Hearing loss in the Pediatric Patient | / | OAE/AABR | / | AABR | Without | OAE + AABR | / | / | / | / | / |
11 | Australia [28] | Neonatal Hearing Screening Working Group | 2013 | National Framework for Neonatal Hearing Screening | 24–72 h after birth and before discharge | OAE/AABR | 2 weeks after first screening, within 1 month of age | OAE/ AABR | Without | OAE + AABR | > 97 | < 4 | Two weeks after first screening within 3 months of corrected age | Within 3 months and no later than 6 months of age | Age of 1 year |
12 | Canada [29] | Canadian Paediatric Society | 2011 | Universal newborn hearing screening | / | OAE | Within 1 month | AABR | Without | AABR | / | 2–4 | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
13 | China [30] | Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China | 2010 | Technical specifications for newborn hearing screening | 48 h after birth and before discharge | OAE/AABR | Within 42 days of age | OAE/AABR | Without | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | At least once every 6 months until the age of 3 years |
14 | Spain [31] | CODEPEH | 2010 | Early Hearing Detection and Intervention: 2010 CODEPEH Recommendation | Before the first month of life | OAE/AABR | Within 1 month | OAE/AABR | Without | OAE + AABR/AABR | > 95 | < 4 | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | 24–30 months of age |
15 | WHO [32] | WHO | 2010 | Newborn and infant hearing screening: current issues and guiding principles for action | / | OAE/AABR/others | Within 1 month | OAE/AABR/others | / | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |