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Table 3 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to the PICU after imputation

From: Internal validation and evaluation of the predictive performance of models based on the PRISM-3 (Pediatric Risk of Mortality) and PIM-3 (Pediatric Index of Mortality) scoring systems for predicting mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs)

Characteristics

PICU mortality

P-Value

In-hospital mortality

P-Value

Non-survive N = 338

Survive N = 2446

Non-Survive N = 434

Survive N = 2350

 

Demographics

 Age (month)

5.1(0.49–42.7)

3.98(0.63–21.4)

0.031 a

5.7(0.7–47.8)

3.9(0.6–20.7)

< 0.001 a

 Neonate (< 1 month)

95(28.1%)

691(28.2%)

0.016 c

115(26.4%)

671(28.6%)

< 0.001 c

 Infant (1–12 month)

106(31.4%)

944(38.6%)

138(31.8%)

912(38.8%)

 Child (12–144 month)

126(37.3%)

765(31.3%)

162(37.4%)

729(31.0%)

 Adolescent (> 144 month)

11(3.2%)

46(1.9%)

19(4.4%)

38(1.6%)

 Male

181(53.5%)

1393(57%)

0.242 c

232(53.5%)

1342(57.1%)

0.155 c

 Female

157(46.5%)

1053(43%)

202(46.5%)

1008(42.9%)

Vital signs

 Temperature(°C)

37(36.5–37.5)

37(36.8–37.4)

0.008 a

37(36–37.5)

37(36.8–37.4)

0.086 a

 Diastolic (mmHg)

56(40–69)

55(44–68)

0.512 a

56(40–69)

55(44–68)

0.440 a

 Systolic (mmHg)

95(72–110)

97(81–110)

0.006 a

95(73–110)

97(81–110)

0.009 a

 Fio2(mmHg)

40(21–90)

21(21–40)

< 0.001 a

40(28–80)

21(21–40)

< 0.001 a

 RR (breaths/min)

35(25–44)

37(28–43)

0.109 a

35(25–44)

37(28–43)

0.287 a

 Pupillary response

Normal

260 (9.9%)

2370(90.1%)

< 0.001c

343(13.1%)

2287(86.9%)

< 0.001c

Abnormal

78(50.6%)

76(49.4%)

91(59.1%)

63(40.9%)

Lab result tests

 Glucose (mg/dL)

122.0(90–176)

108(85–142)

< 0.001 a

120(90–167)

108(85–142)

< 0.001 a

 Urea (mg/dL)

31.9(19–49.9)

21(14–33)

< 0.001 a

30(18–48)

21(14–31)

< 0.001 a

 Cr (mg/dL)

0.76(0.5–0.7)

0.88(0.5–1)

< 0.001 a

0.76(0.5–0.7)

0.84(0.5–0.9)

< 0.001 a

 K (mEq/L)

4.3(3.5–4.8)

4.4(3.8–4.8)

0.020 a

4.2(3.5–4.8)

4.4(3.9–4.8)

0.002 a

 GCS

12(7–15)

15(13–15)

< 0.001 a

12(7–15)

15(13–15)

< 0.001 a

 Platelet (103 cells/mm3)

158(61–273)

298(202–420.7)

< 0.001 a

163(61–277.5)

301(206–425)

< 0.001 a

 PT

14.5(12.7–20.2)

13(12–14)

< 0.001 a

14(12.5–19.2)

13(12–14)

< 0.001 a

 PTT

36(30–47)

32(29–36)

< 0.001 a

35(30–45)

32(29–36)

< 0.001 a

 HR (beats/min)

138(117–157)

136(120–152)

0.411 a

138(119–156)

136(120–153)

0.539 a

 WBC (103 cells/mm3)

11.9(6.5–17.3)

11.6(8.4–16)

0.63 a

11.5(6.1–17.0)

11.6 (8.4–16.0)

0.08 a

 PCO2(mmHg)

33.8(27.3–40.1)

32.9(26.9–39.7)

0.165 a

33.3(27.4–39.7)

33(26.9–39.8)

0.608 a

 PH

7.34(7.23–7.41)

7.36(7.30–7.41)

< 0.001a

7.34(7.25–7.41)

7.36(7.30–7.41)

< 0.001 a

 TCO2(mEq/L)

20.6(16.4–24.0)

21(18.2–23.6)

0.098 a

21(16.6–24.4)

21(18.3–23.6)

0.386 a

 PaO2(mmHg)

94(92–99)

95.9(95–99)

0.004 a

94(92–99)

96(94–100)

< 0.001 a

 Readmission

1.66 ± 1.55

1.54 ± 1.17

0.001 a

1.65 ± 1.5

1.54 ± 1.17

< 0.001 a

Type admission

 Emergency

120(35.5%)

738(30.2%)

0.001 c

156(36.0%)

702(29.9%)

0.029 c

 Referral

158(46.7%)

1191(48.7%)

201(46.3%)

1148(48.9%)

 Elective

60(17.8%)

517(21.1%)

77(17.7%)

500(21.2%)

Type of diagnosis based on PIM-3

 Very High Risk

111(32.8%)

102(4.17%)

< 0.001 c

134(30.9%)

79(2.6%)

< 0.001 c

 High Risk

23(6.8%)

43(1.75%)

30(7%)

36(1.5%)

 Low Risk

23(6.8%)

164(6.7%)

33(7.6%)

154(6.6%)

 Mechanical ventilation

70(20.7%)

159(6.5%)

< 0.001 b

101(23.3%)

165(7%)

< 0.001c

 PRISM-3 score

12(8,19)

5(2,8.2)

< 0.001 a

11(7,18)

5(2,8)

< 0.001 a

 PIM-3 score

4(2,8)

2(2,3)

< 0.001 a

4(2,8)

2(2,3)

< 0.001 a

 LOS in Hospital (day)

12(5–23)

8(4–15)

< 0.001 a

12(5–25.2)

8(4–15)

< 0.001 a

 LOS in ICU (day)

8(3–17)

7(4–13)

< 0.008 a

8(3–19)

7(4–13)

0.001 a

Type of diagnosis based on the ICD-10

 Congenital malformation

69(20.5%)

646(26.4%)

0.079 c

97(22.4%)

618(26.3%)

0.071 c

 Diseases of the digestive system

50 (14.8%)

353(14.4%)

62(14.3%)

341(14.5%)

 Diseases of the respiratory system

45(13.3%)

252(10.3%)

55(12.7%)

242(10.3%)

 Neoplasms, Diseases of the blood

41(12.1%)

178(7.2%)

50(11.5%)

169(7.2%)

 Diseases of genitourinary system

16(4.7%)

104(4.2%)

24(5.5%)

96 (4.1%)

 Infectious diseases

15(4.4%)

123(5.0%)

22(5.1%)

116(4.9%)

 Metabolic diseases

16(4.7%)

113(4.6%)

20(4.6%)

109(4.6%)

 Diseases of the circulatory system

10(3.0%)

83(3.4%)

14(3.2%)

79(3.4%)

 

 Diseases of the nervous system

9(2.7%)

61(2.5%)

9(2.1%)

61(2.6%)

 

 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

9(2.7%)

74(3.0%)

10(2.3%)

73(3.1%)

 

 Other disease

58(17.1%)

459(19%)

71(16.3%)

446(19%)

 
  1. Values represented as median (IQR)
  2. Abbreviations: Cr creatinine; potassium, GCS Glasgow coma scale, PT Prothrombin Time, PTT Partial Thromboplastin Time, HR Heart Rate, WBC White Blood Cell, PCO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, TCO2 Total Carbon Dioxide, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen, RR Respiratory Rate, ICD10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision
  3. a Analysis by Mann-Whitney U. b Analysis by Fisher’s exact test. c Analysis by Chi-square test
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