Table 6 Multivariable regression analysis of association of variables with under-five acute diarrhea among CLTSH-implementing, non-implementing kebeles and pooled estimate in Menz Gera Midir District, North Shoa Zone Amhara Region, Ethiopia, February and March 2020

Relation to child

Caregiver

31

6

2.28(0.64–8.09)

0.200

88

24

1.47(0.81–2.68)

0.200

119

30

1.42(0.84–2.41)

0.180

Mother

164

17

Ref

268

56

Ref

432

73

Ref

Mother’s education

Illiterate

31

5

1.65(0.30–9.00)

0.560

55

16

0.87(0.38–1.98)

0.740

86

21

-

Read & write

7

2

2.29(0.21–24.01)

0.480

14

1

0.22(0.02–1.94)

0.170

21

3

-

Primary school

94

10

0.83(0.22–3.09)

0.790

211

41

0.60(0.31–1.15)

0.130

305

51

-

Secondary or above

63

6

Ref

76

22

Ref

139

28

-

Household size (persons)

 > 5

61

10

1.78(0.69–4.63)

0.230

127

24

0.51(0.27–0.94)

188

34

-

1–5

134

13

Ref

229

56

Ref

363

69

-

Sex of child

Female

110

10

1.12(0.33–3.75)

0.850

181

33

0.67(0.39–1.14)

0.140

291

43

0.64(0.40–1.01)

0.060

Male

85

13

Ref

175

47

Ref

260

60

Ref

Age of child (months)

6–11

20

3

5.32(0.69–40.93)

0.100

39

9

-

59

12

-

12–23

37

7

2.38(0.44–12.87)

0.310

76

16

-

113

23

-

24–35

47

4

1.31(0.22–7.60)

0.750

93

21

-

140

25

-

36–47

44

6

4.84(0.85–27.46)

0.070

70

15

-

114

21

-

48–59

47

3

Ref

78

19

-

125

22

Number of under-five children per household

Two or more

18

4

2.23(0.44–11.22)

0.320

56

17

1.65(0.83–3.24)

0.140

74

21

1.69(0.93–3.08)

0.080

One

177

19

Ref

300

63

Ref

477

82

Ref

Monthly household income ($, USD)

 < 15

152

17

0.39(0.09–1.74)

0.220

285

56

0.53(0.18–1.52)

0.230

437

73

0.46(0.20–1.04)

0.060

15–22.7

26

2

0.21(0.02–1.92)

0.160

51

17

0.95(0.29–3.09)

0.930

77

19

0.60(0.23–1.56)

0.300

 > 22.7

17

4

1

20

7

1

37

11

1

Source of drinking water

Unimproved

60

10

1.98(0.75–5.22)

0.160

96

45

2.81(1.65–4.78)

 < 0.001

156

55

2.56(1.62–4.05)

 < 0.001

Improved

135

13

260

35

Ref

395

48

Ref

Walking distance to water source (minutes)

 > 30

128

20

3.31(0.91–12.07)

0.060

279

58

-

407

78

-

 ≤ 30

67

3

Ref

77

22

-

144

25

-

Latrine availability

No

26

1

0.26(0.03–2.28)

0.220

97

33

1.66(0.96–2.89)

0.069

123

34

1.71(0.43–1.20)

0.200

Yes

169

22

Ref

259

47

Ref

428

69

Ref

Average daily water consumption per person (liters)

 < 20

153

19

-

-

293

61

0.84(0.43–1.63))

0.610

446

80

-

 ≥ 20

42

4

-

-

63

19

1

105

23

-

Child feces disposal

Outside latrine

50

10

1.85(0.64–5.27)

0.240

202

62

2.10(1.13–3.89)

0.010

252

72

2.20(1.34–3.60)

 < 0.001

Inside latrine

145

13

Ref

154

18

299

31

Ref

Solid waste disposal

Improper

46

10

2.35(0.91–6.04)

0.070

144

51

1.95(1.12–3.38)

0.010

190

61

2.19(1.36–3.53)

 < 0.001

Proper

149

13

Ref

212

29

Ref

361

42

Ref

Liquid waste disposal

Improper

68

11

0.95(0.30–3.05)

0.940

120

40

1.13(0.60–2.12)

0.690

196

51

1.06(0.64–1.76)

0.810

Proper

127

12

Ref

228

40

Ref

355

52

Ref

Livestock kept in house

Yes

45

8

1.61(0.52–4.96)

0.400

71

15

-

116

23

-

No

150

15

Ref

285

65

-

435

80

-

Currently breastfeeding

No

79

6

0.87(0.16–4.70)

0.870

132

24

0.78(0.43–1.42)

0.420

211

30

0.68(0.41–1.14)

0.14

Yes

116

17

Ref

224

56

Ref

340

73

Ref

Home water treatment

No

107

18

2.77(0.94–8.13)

0.060

237

66

2.33(1.21–4.49)

0.010

344

84

2.53(1.45–4.40)

0.001

Yes

88

5

Ref

-

119

14

Ref

207

19

Ref

Water drawing method

Pouring

96

13

-

-

163

31

Ref

0.540

259

44

-

Dipping

61

7

-

-

189

46

1.19(0.67–2.10)

0.750

250

53

-

Both

38

3

-

-

4

3

4.29(0.75–24.40)

42

6

Handwashing at critical times per day

1–2

89

16

3.02(1.12–8.12)

0.020

142

52

2.57(1.49–4.42)

0.001

231

68

2.54(1.59–4.06)

 < 0.001

3–5

106

7

Ref

214

28

Ref

320

35

Ref

Hand washing material

Only water

102

18

3.28(1.13–9.58)

0.020

157

42

1.20(0.68–2.10)

0.520

259

60

1.28(0.80–2.07)

0.290

Water and soap/ash

93

5

Ref

199

38

Ref

292

43

Ref

Feces seen in compound

Yes

28

6

2.35(0.75–7.33)

0.140

133

36

0.86(0.48–1.56)

0.630

161

42

0.95(0.56–1.60)

0.860

No

167

17

Ref

223

44

Ref

390

61

Ref

CLTSH status of kebele

Implemented

195

23

0.24(0.20–0.6)

 < 0.001

Non-implemented

356

80

Ref