Table 5 Bi-variable logistic regression analysis of association of variables with under-five acute diarrhea among CLTSH-implementing, non-implementing kebeles and pooled estimate in Menz Gera Midir District, North Shoa Zone, and Amhara Region, Ethiopia, February and March 2020

Relation to child

Caregiver

31

6

1.86(0.68–5.11)

0.220

88

24

1.30(0.76–2.22)

0.330

119

30

1.49(0.93–2.38)

Mother

164

17

Ref

268

56

Ref

432

73

Ref

Mother’s education

Illiterate

31

5

1.69(0.47–5.98)

0.410

55

16

1.00(0.48–2.08)

0.981

86

21

1.21(0.64–2.26)

Read and write

7

2

3.00(0.50–17.80

0.221

14

1

0.24(0.03–1.98)

0.182

21

3

0.70(0.19–2.54)

Primary school

94

10

1.11(0.38–3.22)

0.831

211

41

0.67(0.37–1.20)

0.173

305

51

0.83(0.50–1.37)

Secondary or above

63

6

Ref

76

22

Ref

139

28

Ref

Household size (persons)

 > 5

61

10

1.69(0.70–4.06)

0.243

127

24

0.77(0.45–1.30)

0.336

188

34

0.95(0.60–1.48)

1–5

134

13

Ref

229

56

Ref

363

69

Ref

Sex of child

Female

110

10

0.59(0.24–1.42)

0.244

181

33

0.67(0.41–1.10)

0.121

291

43

0.64(0.41–0.98)

Male

85

13

Ref

175

47

Ref

260

60

Ref

Age of child (months)

6–11

20

3

2.35(0.43–12.65)

0.325

39

9

0.94(0.39-.28)

0.901

59

12

1.15(0.53–2.49)

12–23

37

7

2.96(0.71–12.25)

0.136

76

16

0.86(0.41–1.80)

0.692

113

23

1,15(0.61–2.18)

24–35

47

4

1.33(0.28–6.28)

0.717

93

21

0.92(0.46–1.84)

0.823

140

25

1.01(0.54–1.88)

36–47

44

6

2.13(0.50–9.06)

0.308

70

15

0.88(0.41–1.86)

0.738

114

21

1.04(0.54–2.00)

48–59

47

3

Ref

78

19

Ref

125

22

Ref

Number of under-five children per household

Two or more

18

4

2.07(0.63–6.75)

0.229

56

17

1.44(0.78–2.65)

0.231

74

21

1.65(0.96–2.82)

One

177

19

Ref

300

63

Ref

477

82

Ref

Monthly household income ($, USD)

 < 15.0

152

17

0.47(0.14–1.57)

0.221

285

56

0.56(0.22–1.39)

0.213

437

73

0.56(0.27–1.15)

15.0–22.7

26

2

0.32(0.05–1.98)

0.224

51

17

0.95(0.34–2.64)

0.924

77

19

0.83(0.35–192)

 > 22.7

17

4

Ref

20

7

Ref

37

11

Ref

Source of drinking water

Unimproved

60

10

1.73(0.71–4.16)

0.223

96

45

3.48(2.11–5.74)

 < 0.001

156

55

2.90(1.88–4.45)

Improved

135

13

Ref

260

35

Ref

395

48

Ref

Walking distance to water source (minutes)

 > 30

128

20

3.49(1.00–12.16)

0.054

279

58

0.72(0.41–1.26)

0.251

407

78

1.10(0.67–1.80)

 ≤ 30

67

3

Ref

77

22

Ref

144

25

Ref

Latrine availability

No

26

1

0.29(0.03–2.28)

0.245

97

33

1.87(1.13–3.09)

0.011

123

34

1.71(1.08–2.70)

Yes

169

22

Ref

259

47

Ref

428

69

Ref

Average daily water consumption per person (liters)

 < 20

153

19

1.30(0.42–4.04)

0.641

293

61

0.69(0.38–1.23)

0.212

446

80

0.81(0.49–1.36)

 ≥ 20

42

4

Ref

63

19

Ref

105

23

Ref

Child feces disposal

Outside latrine

50

10

2.23(0.92–5.40)

0.072

202

62

2.62(1.49–4.62)

 < 0.001

252

72

2.75(1.75–4.33)

Inside latrine

145

13

Ref

154

18

Ref

299

31

Ref

Solid waste disposal

Improper

46

10

2.49(1.02–6.05)

0.043

144

51

2.58(1.56–4.28)

0.001

190

61

2.76(1.79–4.24)

Proper

149

13

Ref

212

29

Ref

361

42

Ref

Liquid waste disposal

Improper

68

11

1.71(0.71–4.08)

0.227

120

40

1.78(1.09–2.90)

0.021

196

51

1.77(1.16–2.71)

Proper

127

12

Ref

228

40

Ref

355

52

Ref

Livestock kept in house

Yes

45

8

1.77(0.70–4.46)

0.225

71

15

0.92(0.49–1.72)

0.801

116

23

1.07(0.64–1.79)

No

150

15

Ref

285

65

Ref

435

80

Ref

Currently breastfeeding

No

79

6

0.51(0.19–1.37)

0.184

132

24

0.72(0.43–1.22)

0.231

211

30

0.66(0.41–1.04)

Yes

116

17

Ref

224

56

Ref

340

73

Ref

Home water treatment

No

107

18

2.96(1.05–8.29)

0.038

237

66

2.36(1.27–4.38)

0.001

344

84

2.66(1.57–4.50)

Yes

88

5

Ref

119

14

Ref

207

19

Ref

Water drawing method

Pouring

96

13

Ref

0.849

163

31

Ref

259

44

Ref

Dipping

61

7

0.84(0.32–2.24)

0.588

189

46

1.28(0.77–2.11)

0.330

250

53

1.24(0.80–1.93)

Both

38

3

0.58(0.15–2.16)

0.083

4

3

3.94(0.84–18.49)

0.081

42

6

0.84(0.33–2.09)

Handwashing at critical times per day

1–2

89

16

2.72(1.07–6.91)

0.034

142

52

2.79(1.68–4.64)

0 < .001

231

68

2.69(1.73–4.18)

3–5

106

7

Ref

214

28

Ref

320

35

Ref

Handwashing material

Water only

102

18

3.28(1.17–9.19)

0.025

157

42

1.40(0.86–2.27)

0.174

259

60

1.57(1.02–2.40)

Water and soap/ash

93

5

Ref

199

38

Ref

292

43

Ref

Feces seen in compound

Yes

28

6

2.10(0.76–5.79)

0.151

133

36

1.37(0.84–2.23)

0.201

161

42

1.66(1.08–2.57)

No

167

17

Ref

223

44

Ref

390

61

Ref

CLTSH status of kebele

Implemented

195

23

0.32(0.23–0.86)

 < 0.001

Not implemented

356

80

Ref