Table 1 Demographic characteristics and basic information of children with ASD (total = 217)

Age (years)

9.40 ± 1.17

13.51 ± 1.18

11.45 ± 2.37

Gender (boy):

94 (86.2%)

92(85.2%)

186(85.7%)

Father’s education level

 Associate degree or lower

58(53.2%)

49(45.4%)

107(49.3%)

 Above associate degree

51(46.8%)

59(54.6%)

110(50.7%)

Mother’s education level

 Associate degree or lower

58(53.2%)

54(50.0%)

112(51.6%)

 Above associate degree

51(46.8%)

54(50.0%)

105(48.4%)

Family income

 Less than 360 USD

85(78.0%)

77(71.3%)

162(74.7%)

 360 USD or more

24(22.0%)

31(28.7%)

55(25.3%)

Level of ASD

 1 (mild)

64(58.7%)

63(58.3%)

127(58.5%)

 2 (moderate)

45(41.3%)

45(41.7%)

90(41.5%)

Cooperation level (Frankle)

 Definitely positive

44(40.4%)

56(51.9%)

100(46.1%)

 Positive

34(31.2%)

33(30.6%)

67(30.9%)

 Negative

24(22.0%)

16(14.8%)

40(18.4%)

 Definitely negative

7(6.4%)

3(2.8%)

10(4.6%)