Table 1 Full Study Details
From: Melatonin for pre-medication in children: a systematic review
First author | Year | Country | n | Surgery / procedure | Age (years) | M:F | Anxious children | Anaesthesia | Melatonin dose | Melatonin formulation | Trade Name | Manufacturer | Preparation | Administration timing | Comparator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Almenrader | 2013 | Italy | 87 | Not specified | 1 - 5 | 77:10 | No | GA | 0.3 mg/kg | 6mg/ml | Melamil® | Milte Italia SpA, Italy | Not specified | 60 min prior to surgery | Clonidine 4μg/kg |
Ansari | 2018 | Iran | 23 | Dental surgery | 2 - 6 | 17:6 | Yes | Sedation | 0.5 mg/kg | Not specified | Not specified | Vitane Pharmaceuticals, USA | Dissolved in sweetened water | 30 minutes prior to IV sedation | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg |
Faghihian | 2018 | Iran | 132 | Dental surgery | 3 - 6 | 55:77 | Yes | GA | 0.5 mg/kg | 15 ml | Melatonin tablets 3mg | Aristo pharmaceutical company, India | Dissolved in water | 40 min prior to induction | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg; Placebo (15 ml dextrose and saline) |
Gitto | 2016 | Italy | 92 | Elective surgery | 5 - 14 | 62:30 | No | GA | 0.5 mg/kg (max 20 mg) | Not specified | Melamil® oral drops | Milte Italia SpA, Italy | Dissolved in 5 ml water | 40 min prior to induction | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg (max 20 mg) |
Impellizzeri | 2017 | Italy | 80 | Elective surgery | 8 - 14 | 64:16 | No | GA | 0.5 mg/kg (max 20 mg) | Not specified | Melamil® oral drops | Milte Italia SpA, Italy | Dissolved in 5 ml water | 40 min prior to induction | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg (max 20 mg) |
Isik | 2008 | Turkey | 60 | Dental surgery | 3 - 8 | 31:29 | Yes | Sedation | 3mg; 0.5 mg/kg | Not specified | Melatonina® tablets (3mg) | Katowice, Poland | Dissolved in 3–10 ml water | 60 min prior to N2O/O2 sedation | Midazolam 15mg/3ml; Placebo (saline) |
Kain | 2009 | USA | 148 | Elective surgery | 2 - 8 | 82:66 | No | GA | 0.05; 0.2; 0.4 mg/kg | Not specified | Not specified | Sigma Chemical, USA | Prepared in an investigational pharmacy | 45 min prior to induction | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg |
Khalifa | 2013 | Egypt | 120 | Adenotonsillectomy | 3 - 6 | 64:56 | No | GA | 0.1 mg/kg | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | One tablet (5mg) dissolved in 10 ml glucose 5%. The calculated dose added with 15mg/kg oral paracetamol | 60 min prior to induction | Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg; Melatonin 0.05 mg/kg with Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg; Placebo (saline) |
Kurdi | 2016 | India | 100 | Elective surgery | 5 - 15 | 51:49 | No | LA and GA | 0.5; 0.75 mg/kg | 3mg/ml | Not specified | Life extension pharmaceuticals, Lauderdale, obtained online | Commercially available MT syrup (no preparation) | 60 min prior to induction | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg; Placebo (multivitamin syrup) |
Ozcengiz | 2011 | Turkey | 100 | Esophageal dilatation procedures | 3 - 9 | 50:50 | No | GA | 0.1 mg/kg | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Given with 2–2.5 mg/kg oral paracetamol | 40–45 min prior to induction | Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg; Dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg; Placebo (saline) |
Samarkandi | 2005 | USA | 105 | Inguinal hernia, undescended testis, hydrocoele and hypospadias | 2 - 5 | 73:32 | No | GA | 0.1; 0.25; 0.5 mg/kg | Not specified | Not specified | General Nutrition Corporation, USA | Mixed in 15mg/kg oral paracetamol | 45 min prior to induction | Midazolam (0.1; 0.25; 0.5 mg/kg); Placebo (acetaminophen) |