Table 1 Strategy sensitivity and specificity for serious bacterial infection, required testing, and low-risk criteria

Rochester [13, 15, 19, 20]

91

(76-98)

46

(29-56)

90

(71-99.9)

48

(23-71)

99.9

(95-99.9)

39

(27-51)

●

●

Urine WBC < 10/hpf

Blood WBC 5000-15,000/mm³

Band neutrophils< 1500/mm³

Philadelphia [17, 19, 21]

99.9

(97-99.9)

32

(21-43)

96

(86-99.9)

27

(10-43)

99.9

(95-99.9)

32

(20-42)

●

●

●

Urine WBC < 10/hpf

Blood WBC < 15,000/mm³

Band:neutrophil ratio < 0.2

CSF gram stain negative

Boston [16, 22]

90

(84-94)

56

(54-58)

79

(59-92)

53

(51-55)

99.9

(99-100)

53

(50-55)

●

●

●

Urine WBC < 10/hpf

Blood WBC < 20,000/mm³

CSF WBC < 10/hpf

Modified Philadelphia [13]

–

–

92

(83-96)

35

(26-41)

99.9

(80-99.9)

23

(19-28)

●

●

Urine WBC ≤5/hpf

Blood WBC 5000-15,000/mm³

Band:neutrophil ratio < 0.2

Step-by-Step [11]

99

(97-99.9)

56

(53-59)

91

(82-96)

47

(45-49)

99.9

(95-99.9)

46

(43-47)

●

●

●

●

Urine WBC = 0

PCT < 0.5 ng/mL,

ANC < 10,000/uL,

CRP < 20 mg/L

PECARN [12, 23]

95

(87-99.9)

58

(52-63)

92

(73-99.9)

52

(44-59)

86

(29-99.9)

51

(43-55)

●

●

●

Urine WBC = 0

PCT < 1.71 ng/mL

ANC < 4090/uL

Aronson [14]

–

–

98

(91-99.7)

36

(30-42)

98

(92-99.9)

34

(28-40)

●

●

No fever in ED

UA < 5 WBC/hpf

ANC < 5185/uL

Clinical suspicion [18]

78

(63-93)

65

(50-80)

83

(28-91)

37

(30-83)

93

(86-99.9)

35

(20-50)

Risk of SBI < 1%