Table 2 Sample characteristics for variables included in the analysis and for those respondents who experienced at least one under-five child loss, n = 15,877
Variables name | n (%) | U5M ≥ 1(%) | P-value* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual-level risk factors | ||||
Respondent’s education level | ||||
No education | 4009 (25.25) | 32.5 | ||
Primary | 4797 (30.21) | 20.95 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Secondary/higher | 7071 (44.54) | 9.83 | ||
Partner’s education level | ||||
No education | 4747 (29.90) | 27.58 | < 0.001 | |
Primary | 4407 (27.76) | 20.04 | < 0.001 | |
Secondary/higher | 6723 (42.34) | 12.06 | ||
Respondent’s Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||
Normal | 9022 (56.82) | 19.29 | < 0.001 | |
Underweight | 2847 (17.93) | 22.3 | < 0.001 | |
Overweight | 3266 (25.25) | 15.67 | ||
Age at first marriage (median in years, IQRa) | 15, 3 | 15, 3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Age at first birth (median in years, IQRa) | 17, 3 | 17, 4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Marriage to interview date (median in years, IQRa) | 15.5, 15 | 23, 13.58 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Household-level risk factors | ||||
Household head | ||||
Male | 14,033 (88.39) | 18.96 | 0.739 | 0.105 |
Female | 1844 (11.61)) | 18.6 | ||
Household size | ||||
1–3 | 3735 (23.52) | 18.26 | ||
4–6 | 9144 (57.59) | 18.89 | 0.269 | < 0.001 |
7+ | 2998 (18.88) | 19.81 | ||
Religion | ||||
Non -muslim | 1557 (9.81) | 18.43 | 0.634 | 0.009 |
Muslim | 14,320 (90.19) | 18.97 | ||
Wealth Index | ||||
Rich | 6679 (42.07) | 13.52 | ||
Middle class | 3208 (20.21) | 19.86 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Poor | 5990 (37.72) | 24.42 | ||
Media exposure | ||||
Yes | 9875 (62.20) | 15.13 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
No | 6002 (37.80) | 25.14 | ||
Community-level risk factors | ||||
Residential Place | ||||
Urban | 5408 (34.06) | 14.9 | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
Rural | 10,469 (65.94) | 20.99 | ||
Division | ||||
Barisal | 1889 (11.90) | 19.22 | ||
Chittagong | 2532 (15.95) | 19.04 | ||
Dhaka | 2734 (17.22) | 17.3 | < 0.001 | 0.014 |
Khulna | 2314 (14.57) | 16.29 | ||
Rajshahi | 2260 (14.23) | 18.63 | ||
Rangpur | 2280 (14.36) | 17.94 | ||
Sylhet | 1868 (11.77) | 25.59 | ||
Environmental risk factors | ||||
Sources of drinking water | ||||
Improved source of water | 13,320 (83.70) | 19.82 | < 0.001 | 0.045 |
Non-improved source of water | 2557 (17.30) | 14.26 | ||
Toilet facilities | ||||
Improved toilet facilities | 8662 (54.56) | 18.26 | 0.023 | 0.009 |
Non-improved toilet facilities | 7215 (45.44) | 19.7 | ||