Table 1 Regression Slopes for ETOPFA-Corrected Congenital Anomaly Rates by Cigarette Exposure

Atrial septal defect

Cigarettes

461.4473

80.9277

5.7020

2.98E-08

0.0999

49.0262

32.5125

2.98E-08

10,490.78

555.10

Common truncus (truncus arteriosus)

Cigarettes

10.0328

1.8075

5.5506

6.33E-08

0.0912

1.0985

30.8095

6.33E-08

8137.59

434.55

Pyloric stenosis

Cigarettes

108.3707

29.4229

3.6832

0.0004

0.1025

9.7747

13.5660

0.0004

48,155.03

226.33

Tetralogy of Fallot

Cigarettes

8.6017

2.5730

3.3431

0.0009

0.0319

1.5895

11.1763

0.0009

274.78

14.91

Diaphragmatic hernia

Cigarettes

6.1187

1.9038

3.2139

0.0015

0.0306

1.1633

10.3291

0.0015

239.26

12.50

Double outlet right ventricle

Cigarettes

5.8943

2.1948

2.6856

0.0080

0.0369

1.0114

7.2122

0.0080

401.58

7.91

Rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis

Cigarettes

5.9460

2.2635

2.6269

0.0091

0.0198

1.3888

6.9008

0.0091

97.91

4.85

Dextro-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA)

Cigarettes

5.1147

2.1421

2.3877

0.0180

0.0260

1.0324

5.7011

0.0180

181.05

3.95

Transposition of great arteries

Cigarettes

5.8459

2.5671

2.2773

0.0235

0.0138

1.5155

5.1859

0.0235

66.41

2.67

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Cigarettes

4.7634

2.3941

1.9897

0.0475

0.0095

1.4718

3.9588

0.0475

37.52

1.28

Holoprosencephaly

Cigarettes

44.6731

22.6580

1.9716

0.0506

0.0195

10.1998

3.8873

0.0506

107.14

1.21

Cloacal exstrophy

Cigarettes

13.4134

7.0820

1.8940

0.0608

0.0220

2.7748

3.5873

0.0608

162.22

1.00

Ventricular septal defect

Cigarettes

64.3023

34.2374

1.8781

0.0614

0.0088

20.1650

3.5274

0.0614

35.91

1.00

Hydrocephalus without spina bifida

Cigarettes

21.5055

12.6853

1.6953

0.0926

0.0153

4.5872

2.8741

0.0926

142.01

1.00

Hypospadias

Cigarettes

58.5925

40.8897

1.4329

0.1530

0.0038

24.2028

2.0533

0.1530

17.59

1.00

Bladder exstrophy

Cigarettes

0.3683

0.2706

1.3607

0.1747

0.0031

0.1604

1.8515

0.1747

15.63

1.00

Biliary atresia

Cigarettes

0.8244

0.7004

1.1770

0.2402

0.0014

0.4223

1.3853

0.2402

11.30

1.00

Hirschsprung disease (congenital megacolon)

Cigarettes

5.2534

4.4871

1.1708

0.2441

0.0032

1.5328

1.3708

0.2441

44.74

1.00

Craniosynostosis

Cigarettes

13.2676

11.3680

1.1671

0.2462

0.0039

3.8587

1.3621

0.2462

45.19

1.00

Choanal atresia

Cigarettes

1.3216

1.1914

1.1093

0.2682

0.0008

0.7233

1.2307

0.2682

10.02

1.00

Amniotic Bands

Cigarettes

1.9776

1.8318

1.0796

0.2840

0.0023

0.5285

1.1656

0.2840

59.76

1.00

Cleft palate alone

Cigarettes

5.3064

4.9157

1.0795

0.2814

0.0007

2.7774

1.1653

0.2814

10.85

1.00

Ebstein anomaly

Cigarettes

0.7405

0.7584

0.9763

0.3297

−0.0002

0.4646

0.9532

0.3297

8.00

1.00

Reduction deformity, Lower limbs

Cigarettes

8.6524

9.1172

0.9490

0.3445

−0.0008

3.2313

0.9006

0.3445

22.36

1.00

Pulmonary valve atresia

Cigarettes

3.3612

3.8692

0.8687

0.3861

−0.0013

1.9006

0.7546

0.3861

9.47

1.00

Cleft lip with cleft palate

Cigarettes

3.2169

4.0414

0.7960

0.4271

−0.0020

1.8393

0.6336

0.4271

9.29

1.00

Gastroschisis

Cigarettes

2.1392

3.3067

0.6469

0.5182

−0.0021

1.9126

0.4185

0.5182

4.98

1.00

Clubfoot

Cigarettes

7.7021

14.8418

0.5189

0.6047

−0.0057

5.8097

0.2693

0.6047

6.14

1.00

Obstructive genitourinary defect

Cigarettes

19.2026

38.0533

0.5046

0.6148

−0.0066

12.9550

0.2546

0.6148

7.17

1.00

Coarctation of the aorta

Cigarettes

3.2398

6.6943

0.4840

0.6288

−0.0025

4.1228

0.2342

0.6288

3.51

1.00

Aniridia

Cigarettes

0.5344

1.4146

0.3778

0.7063

−0.0082

0.4681

0.1427

0.7063

5.10

1.00

Anophthalmia/microphthalmia

Cigarettes

1.5564

6.3984

0.2432

0.8080

−0.0034

3.8287

0.0592

0.8080

2.25

1.00

Epispadias

Cigarettes

0.2592

2.5368

0.1022

0.9189

−0.0121

0.7690

0.0104

0.9189

2.06

1.00

Interrupted aortic arch

Cigarettes

0.1509

2.0077

0.0751

0.9402

−0.0072

0.8982

0.0056

0.9402

1.60

1.00

Microcephalus

Cigarettes

0.3421

12.8915

0.0265

0.9789

−0.0084

4.5413

0.0007

0.9789

1.35

1.00

Encephalocele

Cigarettes

−0.0017

2.1734

−0.0008

0.9994

−0.0034

1.3370

0.0000

0.9994

1.04

NA

Congenital posterior urethral valves

Cigarettes

−0.5966

6.8233

−0.0874

0.9305

−0.0069

2.9831

0.0076

0.9305

1.69

NA

Single ventricle

Cigarettes

−0.3417

2.1972

−0.1555

0.8766

−0.0065

0.9898

0.0242

0.8766

2.08

NA

Congenital hip dislocation

Cigarettes

−6.9146

20.8003

−0.3324

0.7402

−0.0086

5.9638

0.1105

0.7402

5.19

NA

Renal agenesis/hypoplasia

Cigarettes

−2.2676

5.0062

−0.4530

0.6509

−0.0027

3.0895

0.2052

0.6509

3.31

NA

Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula

Cigarettes

−0.6793

1.1994

−0.5664

0.5716

−0.0023

0.7428

0.3208

0.5716

4.03

NA

Small intestinal atresia/stenosis

Cigarettes

−1.8286

2.8694

−0.6373

0.5250

−0.0042

1.2732

0.4061

0.5250

6.85

NA

Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis

Cigarettes

−42.7272

64.7992

−0.6594

0.5102

−0.0019

38.9612

0.4348

0.5102

4.87

NA

Spina bifida without anencephalus

Cigarettes

−4.8101

6.5013

−0.7399

0.4599

−0.0014

4.0680

0.5474

0.4599

5.31

NA

Atrioventricular septal defect

Cigarettes

−3.1546

4.0985

−0.7697

0.4422

−0.0015

2.4370

0.5924

0.4422

5.95

NA

Anencephalus

Cigarettes

−9.9229

12.0861

−0.8210

0.4123

−0.0010

7.5960

0.6741

0.4123

6.02

NA

Cleft lip with and without cleft palate

Cigarettes

−7.2523

8.1749

−0.8871

0.3767

−0.0016

3.0661

0.7870

0.3767

16.70

NA

Omphalocele

Cigarettes

−6.3434

6.2594

−1.0134

0.3118

0.0001

3.5702

1.0270

0.3118

9.55

NA

Patent ductus arteriosus

Cigarettes

−134.9204

93.6508

−1.4407

0.1527

0.0103

26.7177

2.0755

0.1527

197.55

NA

Cleft lip alone

Cigarettes

−7.6263

5.0141

−1.5210

0.1300

0.0072

2.3847

2.3134

0.1300

36.22

NA

Aortic valve stenosis

Cigarettes

−5.5657

3.5177

−1.5822

0.1147

0.0052

2.1283

2.5034

0.1147

21.09

NA

Limb deficiencies (reduction defects)

Cigarettes

−9.2468

5.6656

−1.6321

0.1044

0.0093

2.6416

2.6637

0.1044

47.85

NA

Congenital cataract

Cigarettes

−3.1133

1.7342

−1.7952

0.0737

0.0077

1.0449

3.2228

0.0737

29.59

NA

Reduction deformity, Upper limbs

Cigarettes

−9.9676

4.2945

−2.3210

0.0219

0.0342

1.5208

5.3870

0.0219

778.14

NA

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Cigarettes

−2.9518

0.9933

−2.9718

0.0034

0.0421

0.4914

8.8318

0.0034

472.81

NA

Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis

Cigarettes

−13.5992

4.5124

−3.0137

0.0028

0.0268

2.7617

9.0825

0.0028

176.14

NA

Deletion 22q11.2

Cigarettes

−4.0755

1.2068

−3.3771

0.0010

0.0817

0.5118

11.4051

0.0010

2803.97

NA

Turner syndrome

Cigarettes

−67.5119

15.2076

−4.4394

0.0000

0.1217

6.7057

19.7079

0.0000

19,050.01

NA

Trisomy 13

Cigarettes

−47.5542

8.4152

−5.6510

0.0000

0.0943

5.1389

31.9335

0.0000

9081.76

NA

Trisomy 18

Cigarettes

−102.6539

15.9192

−6.4485

0.0000

0.1174

9.7711

41.5825

0.0000

28,380.44

NA

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Cigarettes

−145.2252

19.7758

−7.3436

0.0000

0.1423

12.4068

53.9284

0.0000

84,541.57

NA

Anotia/microtia

Cigarettes

−47.4905

6.3089

−7.5275

0.0000

0.1587

3.8479

56.6635

0.0000

150,869.58

NA