From: Lipid enemas for meconium evacuation in preterm infants – a retrospective cohort study
(I) Variable enemas (n = 201) | (II) Lipid enemas (n = 141) | (III) No enemas (n = 57) | P-values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age; mean (weeks) | 27.1 (2.2) | 26.9 (2.1) | 27.3 (2.3) | I vs. II 0.45 I vs. III 0.57 II vs. III 0.28 |
Gestational age; median (weeks) | 26.9 (23.3–31.7) | 26.7 (23.4–31.9) | 26.9 (23.6–31.9) | |
Birth weight; mean (g) | 760.5 (211.6) | 764.3 (214.4) | 840.4 (199.5) | I vs. II 0.85 I vs. III 0.20 II vs. III 0.04 |
Birth weight; median (g) | 745 (280–1060) | 740 (240–1230) | 795 (490–1240) | |
Male | 99/201 (49.3%) | 75/141 (53.2%) | 24/57 (42.1%) | I vs. II 0.47 I vs. III 0.34 II vs. III 0.16 |
Small for gestational age | 84/201 (41.8%) | 57/141 (40.4%) | 22/57 (38.6%) | I vs. II 0.80 I vs. III 0.67 II vs. III 0.81 |
Multiple births | 86/201 (42.8%) | 47/141 (33.4%) | I vs. II 0.08 I vs. III 0.29 II vs. III 0.81 | |
Caesarean section | 185/201 (92.0%) | 131/141 (92.2%) | 52/57 (91.1%) | I vs. II 0.77 I vs. III 0.84 II vs. III 0.69 |
Antenatal corticosteroid therapy | 188/201 (93.5%) | 127/141 (90.1%) | 50/57 (87.8%) | I vs. II 0.24 I vs. III 0.15 II vs. III 0.63 |
Pre-eclampsia | 13/201 (6.5%) | 13/141 (9,2%) | 5/57 (8.8%) | I vs. II 0.35 I vs. III 0.55 II vs. III 0.92 |
Oligohydramnios | 15/201 (7.5%) | 5/141 (3.5%) | 2/57 (3.5%) | I vs. II 0.13 I vs. III 0.29 II vs. III 0.99 |
Chorioamnionitis | 47/201 (23.4%) | 25/141 (17.7%) | 13/57 (22.8%) | I vs. II 0.21 I vs. III 0.93 II vs. III 0.41 |
Apgar 1 | 5 (1–9) | 6 (0–9) | 6 (0–9) | I vs. II 0.17 I vs. III 0.11 II vs. III0.63 |
Apgar 5 | 8 (1–10) | 8 (2–10) | 8 (0–10) | I vs. II 0.28 I vs. III 0.18 II vs. III 0.04 |
Apgar 10 | 9 (1–10) | 9 (4–10) | 9 (1–10) | I vs. II 0.92 I vs. III 0.03 II vs. III 0.04 |
pH at birth | 7.3 (6.83–7.49) | 7.3 (6.85–7.48) | 7.3 (7.02–7.40) | I vs. II 0.58 I vs. III 0.66 II vs. III 0.40 |
No. of surfactant doses | 1.0 (0–6) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–3) | I vs. II 0.73 I vs. III 0.61 II vs. III 0.04 |
Moderate or severe BPD | 32/201 (15.9%) | 23/141 (16.3%) | 6/57 (10.5%) | I vs. II 0.92 I vs. III 0.31 II vs. III 0.29 |
Treatment with dexamethasone for BPD | 16/201 (8.0%) | 10/141 (7.1%) | 3/57 (5.3%) | I vs. II 0.77 I vs. III 0.49 II vs. III 0.64 |
Hydrocortisone for arterial hypotension | 30/201 (14.9%) | 20/141 (14.2%) | 5/57 (8.8%) | I vs. III 0.85 I vs. III 0.23 II vs. III 0.29 |
Hydrocortisone for BPD prophylaxis | 1/201 (0.5%) | 70/141 (49.6%) | 29/57 (50.9%) | I vs. II < 0.01 I vs. III < 0.01 II vs. III < 0.89 |
Treatment w. inhaled budesonide during first 14 days | 66/201 (32.8%) | 29/141 (20.6%) | 10/57 (17.5%) | I vs. II 0.01 I vs. III 0.03 II vs. III 0.63 |
PDA treatment with Indomethacin | 90/201 (44.8%) | 23/141 (16.3%) | 4/57 (7.0%) | I vs. II < 0.01 I vs. III < 0.01 II vs. III 0.08 |
PDA treatment with Ibuprofen | 44/201 (21.9%) | 35/141 (24.8%) | 11/57 (19.3%) | I vs. II 0.53 I vs. III 0.67 II vs. III 0.41 |
PDA ligation | 5/201 (2.5%) | 2/141 (1.4%) | 0/57 (0.0%) | I vs. II 0.49 I vs. III 0.23 II vs. III 0.37 |
IVH grades 1 to 3 | 32/201 (15.9%) | 21/141 (14.9%) | 4/57 (7.0%) | I vs. II 0.80 I vs. III 0.09 II vs. III 0.13 |
PVHI | 9/201 (4.5%) | 7/141 (5.0%) | 4/57 (7.0%) | I vs. II 0.83 I vs. III 0.44 II vs. III 0.57 |
PVL | 5/201 (2.5%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0/57 (0.0%) | I vs. II 0.49 I vs. III 0.23 II vs. III 0.37 |
ROP treatment (laser/antibody) | 4/201 (2.0%) | 3/141 (2.1%) | 1/57 (1.8%) | I vs. II 0.93 I vs. III 0.91 II vs. III 0.87 |
Fed predominantly with EBM during first 14 days | 105/201 (52.2%) | 100/141 (70.9%) | 35/57 (61.4%) | I vs. II < 0.01 I vs. III 0.22 II vs. III 0.19 |
Duration of hospital stay (days) | 74.0 (1–232) | 73 (1–225) | 65 (1–232) | I vs. II 0.81 I vs. III 0.19 II vs. III 0.26 |
Weight at discharge (g) | 2538.9 (881.6) | 2458.7 (845.6) | 2457.9 (782.9) | I vs. II 0.57 I vs. III 0.37 II vs. III 0.54 |
Mortality | 18/201 (9.0%) | 13/141 (9.2%) | 6/57 (10.5%) | I vs. II 0.93 I vs. III 0.72 II vs. III 0.78 |