Table 2 Patients’ characteristics before vs. after implementing lipid enemas (“intention to treat analysis”)
From: Lipid enemas for meconium evacuation in preterm infants – a retrospective cohort study
Before implementing lipid enemas (n = 203) | After implementing lipid enemas (n = 196) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age; mean (weeks) | 27.1 (2.1) | 27.0 (2.2) | 0.67 |
Gestational age; median (weeks) | 26.9 (23.3–31.9) | 26.9 (23.4–31.9) | |
Birth weight; mean (g) | 764.5 (214.4) | 782.3 (210.0) | 0.41 |
Birth weight; median (g) | 745.0 (280–1340) | 772.5 (240–1240) | |
Male | 103/203 (50.7%) | 98/196 (50.0%) | 0.88 |
Small for gestational age | 84/203 (41.4%) | 79/196 (40.3%) | 0.83 |
Multiple births | 86/203 (42.4%) | 67/196 (34.2%) | 0.09 |
Caesarean section | 187/203 (92.1%) | 181/196 (92.3%) | 0.93 |
Antenatal corticosteroid therapy | 190/203 (93.6%) | 175/196 (89.3%) | 0.12 |
Pre-eclampsia | 13/203 (6.4%) | 18/196 (9.2%) | 0.30 |
Oligohydramnios | 16/203 (7.9%) | 6/196 (3.1%) | 0.04 |
Chorioamnionitis | 48/203 (23.6%) | 37/196 (18.9%) | 0.25 |
Apgar 1 | 5 (0–9) | 6 (0–9) | 0.04 |
Apgar 5 | 8 (0–10) | 8 (2–10) | 0.84 |
Apgar 10 | 9 (1–10) | 9 (4–10) | 0.23 |
pH at birth | 7.3 (6.83–7.49) | 7.3 (6.85–7.48) | 0.85 |
No. of surfactant doses | 1 (0–6) | 1 (0–5) | 0.45 |
Moderate or severe BPD | 32/203 (15.8%) | 29/196 (14.8%) | 0.79 |
Treatment with dexamethasone for BPD | 16/203 (7.9%) | 13/196 (6.6%) | 0.63 |
Treatment with hydrocortisone: | |||
for arterial hypotension | 30/203 (14.8%) | 25/196 (12.8%) | 0.56 |
for BPD prophylaxis | 1/203 (0.5%) | 99/196 (50.5%) | < 0.01 |
Treatment w. inhaled budesonide during first 14 days | 66/203 (32.5%) | 39/196 (19.9%) | < 0.01 |
PDA treatment with Indomethacin | 90/203 (44.3%) | 27/196 (13.8%) | < 0.01 |
PDA treatment with Ibuprofen | 44/203 (21.7%) | 46/196 (23.5%) | 0.67 |
PDA ligation | 5/203 (2.5%) | 2/196 (1.0%) | 0.27 |
IVH grades 1 to 3 | 32/203 (15.8%) | 25/196 (12.7%) | 0.39 |
Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction | 9/203 (4.4%) | 11/196 (5.6%) | 0.59 |
PVL | 5/203 (2.5%) | 2/196 (1.0%) | 0.27 |
ROP treatment (laser/antibody) | 4/203 (2.0%) | 4/196 (2.0%) | 0.96 |
Fed predominantly with EBM during first 14 days | 107/203 (52.7%) | 134/196 (68.4%) | < 0.01 |
Duration of hospital stay (days) | 74 (1–232) | 72 (1–232) | 0.69 |
Weight at discharge (g) | 2523.4 (887.7) | 2566.5 (819.7) | 0.58 |
Mortality | 20/203 (9.9%) | 17/196 (8.7%) | 0.69 |