Table 2 Study characteristics and relevant findings of studies of childhood fractures

(Alomran et al., 2012) [28]

2004 - 2009

Retrospective

N=254

Most fractures occurred in males (62.6%).

Almost half of injuries (48.8%) occurred at home.

The major cause of injury was fall at home (48.8%) followed by motor vehicle accidents (29.52%)

Riyadh

13

(Al-Habib et al., 2014) [29]

2001 - 2009

Retrospective

N=120

The majority of injured children were males (83.3%) (P=0.003).

The major cause of spine injury was MVC (60.8%) followed by pedestrian injuries (20.8%), fall-related injuries (15%).

Traumatic spine fractures were more common in children age between 16-18 years.

The mortality rate was 8.3%.

Riyadh

16

(Al-Jasser et al., 2015) [30]

2005 - 211

Retrospective

N=361

The majority of fractures occurred in males (80.6%) (P<0.0001).

Injured children were most likely (46.2%) to be between 13-18 of age.

The major cause of injury was fall at home (35.7%) followed by door slam (25%) and sport related (17.1%).

Riyadh

16

(Umerani et al., 2018) [31]

2012 - 2014

Retrospective

N=72

Epidural hematoma was most likely to occur in males (65.3%) and in age between 5-14 years.

The most common cause for epidural hematoma was MVC (52.8%) followed by falls (34.7%).

The mortality rate was 8.3%.

Eastern region - Dammam

11

(Jawadi et al., 2019) [31]

2009 - 2015

Retrospective

N=58

Nonaccidental fractures were most likely to occur in males (59%) and preschoolers (45%) followed by infants (34%).

The rate of hospital admission was 70%.

Physical abuse accounted for 44.6% of the incidents whilst 51.8% was due to neglect.

The most common type of injury was fall (54.8%) followed by direct hit (26.1%).

Riyadh

16