Table 1 Demographic and parental information of the study population

GA at birth (weeks)

28.4 (26.3–30.5)

39.6 (38.4–40.3)

< 0.001

Birth weight (g)

935 (790–1220)

3240 (2970–3500)

< 0.001

Birth weight z-score

-0.2 (-1.3-0.3)

-0.2 (-0.9-0.2)

0.388

SGA

15 (25.0)

9 (8.2)

0.005

Female

28 (46.7)

57 (51.8)

0.630

Cesarean section

41 (68.3)

35 (31.8)

< 0.001

PMA at discharge (weeks)

37.9 (36.1–40.6)

-

-

Weight at discharge (g)

2300 (1960–2580)

-

-

Weight-for-age z-score at discharge

-1.7 (-3.3–1.0)

-

-

Any breastmilk feeding > 6 months

24 (46.2)

67 (77)

< 0.001

Paternal education college or above

48 (80.0)

87 (79.1)

1.000

Maternal education college or above

48 (80.0)

90 (81.8)

0.838

Paternal BMI (kg/m²)

24.8 (22.1–25.9)

24.4 (22.8–26.4)

0.573

Maternal BMI (kg/m²)

21.1 (19.1–22.6)

21.5 (19.7–24)

0.146