Table 2 Study results
Characteristics | Exclusively breastfed without vitamin D supplementation (control group) n = 44 | Exclusively breastfed with vitamin D supplementation (intervention group) n = 43 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Mother | |||
Vitamin D levels | |||
25OHD2, ng/mL | 0.10 ± 0.38 | 0.08 ± 0.37 | 0.83 |
25OHD3, ng/mL | 24.97 ± 7.77 | 23.67 ± 7.70 | 0.44 |
25OHD (total), ng/mL | 25.08 ± 7.75 | 23.75 ± 7.64 | 0.42 |
Vitamin D (25OHD) status | 0.25 | ||
Deficiency, < 12 ng/mL | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | |
Insufficiency, 12–20 ng/mL | 9 (20.5) | 15 (34.9) | |
Sufficiency, > 20 ng/mL | 34 (77.3) | 27 (62.8) | |
Infant | |||
Vitamin D levels | |||
25OHD2, ng/mL | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | – |
25OHD3, ng/mL | 20.57 ± 12.66 | 46.01 ± 16.42 | < 0.01 |
25OHD (total), ng/mL | 20.57 ± 12.66 | 46.01 ± 16.42 | < 0.01 |
Vitamin D (25OHD) status | < 0.01 | ||
Deficiency, < 12 ng/mL | 11 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Insufficiency, 12–20 ng/mL | 14 (31.8) | 3 (7.0) | |
Sufficiency, > 20 ng/mL | 19 (43.2) | 40 (93.0) | |
Serum bone markers | |||
Calcium, mg/dL | 10.60 ± 0.37 | 10.57 ± 0.32 | 0.73 |
Phosphorous, mg/dL | 5.47 ± 0.45 | 5.53 ± 0.40 | 0.49 |
ALP, U/L | 250.41 ± 59.71 | 242.79 ± 58.54 | 0.54 |
iPTH, pg/mL | 19.45 (10.85–34.35) | 16.3 (12.1–23.5) | 0.13 |
Physical growth parameters | |||
Δ Weight, g | 2059 ± 545 | 2087 ± 495 | 0.80 |
Δ Length, cm | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 0.94 |
Δ Head circumference, cm | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 0.70 |