Table 1 Comparative clinical characteristic of the groups
Characteristics | BPD/death (n = 25) | Without BPD (n = 27) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data and care after birth | |||
Gestational age, wks | 27 (25–28)a | 30 (28–31) | 0.000001 |
Birth weight, g | 820 (740–1000) | 1200 (950–1350) | 0.00003 |
Male | 16 (64)b | 10 (37) | 0.052 |
Small for gestational age | 0 | 5 (19) | 0.023 |
Antenatal steroids | 15 (60) | 21 (78) | 0.165 |
Caesarean section | 5 (20) | 17 (63) | 0.002 |
Apgar score at the 1st min | 4 (4–5) | 6 (5–6) | 0.001 |
Apgar score at the 5th min | 5 (5–6) | 6 (6–7) | 0.001 |
Mask ventilation after birth | 4 (16) | 3 (11) | 0.605 |
Intubation and ventilation after birth | 21 (84) | 14 (52) | 0.014 |
Surfactant therapy | 24 (96) | 19 (70) | 0.015 |
SNAPPE-II score | 34 (28–44) | 18 (8–23) | 0.00001 |
Morbidity | |||
Severe RDS | |||
Early-onset sepsis | 12 (48) | 6 (22) | 0.051 |
Late-onset sepsis | 4 (16) | 1 (4) | 0.132 |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | 0.506 |
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) | 12 (48) | 7 (26) | 0.099 |
Severe IVH (3–4 grade) | 7 (28) | 1 (4) | 0.015 |
hsPDA | 17 (68) | 5 (19) | 0.0003 |
Duration of hsPDA, days | 5 (3–12) | 3 (3–4) | 0.433 |
Pharmacological treatment | 14 (56) | 13 (48) | 0.571 |
Successful pharmacological PDA closure | 8 (57) | 11 (85) | 0.118 |
Two courses of treatment | 6 (24) | 3 (11) | 0.471 |
The presence of PDA at 10 days of life | 14 (56) | 8 (30) | 0.054 |
Age at the time of ductus closure, days | 8 (5–15) | 7 (5–11) | 0.448 |
Ductus closed at the time of discharge | 16 (64) | 24 (89) | 0.313 |
Periventricular leukomalacia | 4 (16) | 0 | 0.031 |
Retinopathy of prematurity | 10 (40) | 5 (19) | 0.088 |
Length of hospital stayc, days | 91 (79–112) | 57 (45–71) | 0.000003 |
Respiratory support in the NICU | |||
Mechanical ventilation (MV) | 24 (96) | 18 (67) | 0.007 |
Non-invasive MV | 20 (80) | 7 (26) | 0.0001 |
CPAP | 21 (84) | 27 (100) | 0.031 |
Free-flow oxygen | 18 (72) | 12 (44) | 0.044 |
Duration of MVc, days | 2 (1–5) | 0,9 (0,5–1) | 0.037 |
Duration of non-invasive respiratory supportc, days | 19.6 (12.1–36.3) | 7.4 (3.4–14.8) | 0.004 |
Duration of oxygen therapyc, days | 25.5 (21–38) | 9 (2–13.1) | 0.00002 |