Table 2 Socio-demographic predictors for smoking and illicit drug use, NSCK 2007–2017
From: The role of tobacco smoking and illicit drug use in adolescent acute alcohol intoxication
| Â | Smoking | Illicit drug use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | Adjusted OR | Prevalence | Adjusted OR | |
Sociodemographic factors | ||||
 Age category | ||||
   ≤ 14 years (ref) | 19.9% (CI 17.7–22.4%) | 1.00 | 10.8% (9.2–12.8%) | 1.00 |
  15–16 | 22.1% (CI 20.6–23.7%) | 1.26 (CI 0.86–1.86) | 11.4% (10.3–12.6%) | 1.29 (CI 0.82–2.01) |
  17–18 | 25.6% (CI 25.6–28.7%) | 1.38 (CI 0.80–2.39) | 14.3% (12.1–16.8%) | 1.76 (CI 0.96–3.20) |
 Sex | ||||
  Males (ref) | 22.5% (CI 20.8–24.2%) | 1.00 | 13.6% (CI 12.3–15.0%) | 1.00 |
  Females | 21.8% (CI 20.2–23.6%) | 0.79 (CI 0.58–1.07) | 10.0% (CI 8.8–11.2%) | 0.74 (CI 0.52–1.05) |
 Educational level | ||||
  Low (ref) | 28.6% (CI 26.5–30.7%) | 1.00 | 12.8% (CI 11.3–14.5%) | 1.00 |
  Middle | 15.0% (CI 12.9–17.3%) | 0.50 (CI 0.35–0.71)*** | 9.7% (CI 8.1–11.7%) | 1.11 (CI 0.75–1.66) |
  High | 9.9% (CI 8.1–12.1%) | 0.31 (CI 0.20–0.49)*** | 7.9% (CI 6.2–9.9%) | 0.74 (CI 0.45–1.20) |
 Ethnicity | ||||
  Native Dutch (ref) | 22.0% (CI 20.8–23.4%) | 1.00 | 11.3% (CI 10.4–12.3%) | 1.00 |
  Other ethnic background | 23.5% (CI 20.0–27.4%) | 0.78 (CI 0.47–1.30) | 14.3% (CI 11.5–17.6%) | 1.43 (CI 0.86–2.39) |
 Family structure | ||||
  Traditional family structure (ref) | 9.9% (CI 20.8–23.4%) | 1.00 | 9.9% (CI 8.9–11.0%) | 1.00 |
  Non-traditional family structure | 18.1% (CI 20.0–27.4%) | 1.43 (CI 01.05–1.96)* | 16.3% (CI 14.5–18.3%) | 1.42 (CI 1.00–2.02)* |
 Alcohol-specific parental rule-setting | ||||
  Zero-tolerance rule-setting (ref) | 16.7% (CI 14.5–19.1%) | 1.00 | 11.5% (CI 9.7–13.6%) | 1.00 |
  Partial permission | 18.5% (CI 15.3–22.2%) | 1.08 (CI 0.73–1.57) | 13.6% (CI 10.8–16.9%) | 1.03 (CI 0.68–1.56) |
  Parental approval | 27.1% (CI 23.4–31.2%) | 1.38 (CI 0.91–2.08) | 12.2% (CI 9.6–15.3%) | 0.89 (CI 0.54–1.45) |
Substance use patterns | ||||
 Current smoking status | ||||
  Non-smoking (ref) |  |  | 7.1% (CI 6.3–8.0%) | 1.00 |
  Smoking |  |  | 26.6% (CI 24.0–29.4%). | 4.21 (CI 2.92–6.06)*** |
Intoxication characteristics | ||||
 Illicit drug use | ||||
  No illicit drug usage (ref) | 18.4% (CI 17.2–19.6%) | 1.00 |  |  |
  Illicit drug usage | 51.5% (CI 47.2–55.9%) | 4.26 (CI 3.00–6.2)*** |  |  |
Blood alcohol concentration |  | 0.74 (CI 0.55–0.98)* |  | 0.59 (CI 0.43–0.82)** |
Year of admission (2007–2017) |  | 0.88 (CI 0.80–0.97)** |  | 1.04 (CI 0.93–1.16) |