Table 1 Participant’s characteristics

Age (years)

8.04 (0.93)

11.03 (0.84)

14.40 (1.26)^a

Weight (kg)

32.79 (8.65)

45.27 (12.14)

58.24 (12.76)^a

Height (m)

1.33 (0.08)

1.50 (0.08)

1.63 (0.09)^a

Body mass index (kg/m²)

18.35 (3.57)

20.08 (4.42)

21.82 (3.79)^a

Neck circumference (cm)

28.13 (2.39)

30.19 (2.84)

32.58 (2.81)^a

Cardiorespiratory fitness (m)

832.17 (141.92)

860.64 (171.42)

950.34 (223.95)^a

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

97.01 (11.46)

103.62 (11.86)

111.55 (11.88)^a

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.75 (0.36)

4.92 (0.37)

4.92 (0.39)^a

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.75 (0.28)

1.52 (0.27)

1.43 (0.26)^a

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.74 (0.33)

0.80 (0.35)

0.81 (0.37)^a

Cardiometabolic risk (z-score)

−0.38 (2.34)

−0.32 (2.40)

−0.09 (2.24)^a

  Male

291 (47.5)

367 (41.9)

413 (44.5)

  Feminine

322 (52.5)

509 (58.1)

516 (55.5)

  Healthy

451 (73.6)

374 (42.7)

274 (29.5)^a

  Risk

162 (26.4)

502 (57.3)

655 (70.5)

  Pre-pubertal

367 (61.6)*

116 (13.7)

14 (1.5)

  Initial development

151 (25.3)

301 (35.6)*

80 (8.7)

  Continuous maturation (stage III and IV)

63 (10.6)

399 (47.2)

652 (71.1)^a

  Maturated

15 (2.5)

29 (3.4)

171 (18.6)^a

  White

510 (83.7)

677 (77.8)

705 (76.5)^a

  Black

40 (6.6)

68 (7.8)

64 (6.9)

  Brown/mulatto

59 (9.7)

116 (13.3)

138 (15.0)^a

  Indigenous

0 (0.0)

4 (0.5)

8 (0.9)

  Yellow

0 (0.0)

5 (0.6)

7 (0.8)