Table 4 Recommendations and sources of the evidence for preventing thermal injuries
From: Prevention of unintentional injuries in children under five years
Recommendations | Guidelines and/or institutions recommending the intervention | Source of the evidence |
|---|---|---|
Smoke alarms - Have a functional smoke detector alarm - Legislations | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] - WHO 2008; European region [1] - PrevInfad 2011 [42] - RCPCH 2019 [2] - CDC 2019 [16] - NICE 2010b [45] - EuroSafe 2006 [13] | - Kendrick 2013; Cochrane systematic review [51] - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] - Turner 2011; Cochrane systematic review [50] - DiGuiseppi 2001; Cochrane systematic review [60] - Ballesteros 2005, cohort study [61] - Smith 2006; cohort study [62] - Towner 2001, systematic review [63] |
Control of hot water - Regulating the temperature of water flowing from household taps - Safe pre-set temperature for all water heaters - Legislations - Educational programmes | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] - WHO 2008; European region [1] - PrevInfad 2011 [42] - RCPCH 2019 [2] - CDC 2019 [16] - NICE 2010b [45] - EuroSafe 2006 [13] | - Kendrick 2013; Cochrane systematic review [51] - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] - Kendrick 2011, RCT [64] |
Non-flammable fabrics - Use of fire-retardant materials for making children’s sleepwear - Legislation | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] - WHO 2008; European region [1] - EuroSafe 2006 [13] | - Liao 2000; law and regulations [65] |
Fire sprinkler system | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] - WHO 2008; European region [1] | (See original documents) |
Electrical safety | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] | - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] |
Lighters - Legislations for child-resistant lighters and self-extinguishing cigarettes - Legislations | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] - WHO 2008; European region [1] - EuroSafe 2006 [13] | - European laws and regulations 2006 [66] |
Fireworks - Legislation banning the manufacture and sale of fireworks - Education campaigns | - WHO 2011; global burns guide [3] - WHO 2008; European region [1] - NICE 2010b [45] - EuroSafe 2006 [13] | (See original documents) |
Have an escape plan | - RCPCH 2019 [2] - CDC 2019 [16] | - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] |
Possession of a fire extinguisher | Â | - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] |
Use of fire guards | - RCPCH 2019 [2] | - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] |
Keeping hot drinks/food out of reach of children | - RCPCH 2019 [2] | - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] |
Storage of matches or lighters out of reach of children | - RCPCH 2019 [2] | - Kendrick 2012; Cochrane systematic review [46] |