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Table 3 Doubly Robust Targeted Minimum Loss-Based Estimation Using Generalized Linear Models and SuperLearner Adaptive Machine Learning

From: Contemporary epidemiology of rising atrial septal defect trends across USA 1991–2016: a combined ecological geospatiotemporal and causal inferential study

Covariates

Model

Lower Exposure

Higher Exposure

R.R.

Difference w Higher Exposure

Wald Test, Z

P-Value

Cannabis_Monthly

Initial drtmle mrjmon SuperLearner Model

0.68 (0.61, 0.69)

0.76 (0.72, 0.80)

1.11 (1.05, 1.18)

0.08 (0.04, 0.13)

3.53

0.0004

Cigarettes

Binomial glm

0.68 (0.66, 0.69)

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

1.26 (1.23, 1.29)

0.18 (0.16, 0.20)

17.16

5.02E-66

Alcohol_Abuse

       

Cannabis_Monthly

SuperLearner

0.71 (0.69, 0.73)

0.98 (0.97, 0.98)

1.37 (1.34, 1.40)

0.27 (0.24, 0.29)

20.08

1.15E-89

Analgesic_Abuse

       

Cocaine_Annual

Mixed SuperLearner - Glm Model Series

      

% White

       

% African-American

No Interactions

      

% Asian

- Additive

0.68 (0.66, 0.70)

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

1.26 (1.22, 1.30)

0.17 (0.16, 0.20)

17.16

5.03E-66

% American Indian / Alaskan Natives

 NHWhite_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration

One Interaction

      

 NHBlack_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration

- Tobacco x Cannabis

0.68 (0.66, 0.70)

0.82 (0.81, 0.84)

1.21 (1.18, 1.25)

0.14 (0.12, 0.16)

13.16

1.57E-39

 NHAsian_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration

       

 NHAIAN_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration

Three Interactions

      

 NHHispanic_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration

- Tobacco * Cannabis * Alcohol

0.68 (0.66, 0.70)

0.78 (0.75, 0.82)

1.15 (0.10, 1.20)

0.10 (0.7, 0.14)

5.95

2.62E-09

Median_Household_Income

 

Four Substance Interactions

      
 

- Tobacco * Cannabis * Alcohol * Analgesics

0.68 (0.67, 0.70)

0.75 (0.71, 0.78)

1.08 (1.06, 1.11)

0.06 (0.02, 0.10)

2.85

0.0043

 

Three Ethnic Interactions

      
 

NHWhite_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration *

0.68 (0.66, 0.70)

0.79 (0.75, 0.83)

1.16 (1.9, 1.24)

0.11 (0.06, 0.16)

4.72

7.74E-06

 

NHAsian_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration *

      
 

NHAIAN_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration

      
 

Three Substance x Three Ethnic Interactions

      
 

- Tobacco * Cannabis * Alcohol *

0.70 (0.68, 0.72)

0.93 (0.92, 0.94)

1.32 (1.28, 1.36)

0.23 (0.21, 0.25)

18.52

1.32E-76

 

NHWhite_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration *

      
 

NHAsian_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration *

      
 

NHAIAN_Daily_Cannabis_Use x THC_Concentration