Table 2 Parental nurturing levels by the predictor variables
Variable (n) | Parental nurturing (%) Low levels | Parental nurturing (%) Medium to high levels | Chi square (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parental nurturing (1162) | 19.9 | 80.1 | Â | |
Gender (child) | Male (610) | 19.8 | 80.2 | 0.002 (0.513) |
Female (552) | 19.9 | 80.1 | Â | |
Age (years) | Less than 6 (616) | 16.2 | 83.8 | Â |
6 to 9 (404) | 20.5 | 79.5 | 22.54 (<0.001) | |
10 to 12 (142) | 33.8 | 66.2 | Â | |
Family size | Up to 4 (193) | 14.5 | 85.5 | Â |
5 to 7 (683) | 19.6 | 80.4 | 6.76 (0.034) | |
8 and more (286) | 24.1 | 75.9 | Â | |
Family child born index | Only child/first child (117) | 23.9 | 76.1 | Â |
Middle child (333) | 33.6 | 66.4 | 63.28 (<0.001) | |
Last child (712) | 12.8 | 87.2 | Â | |
Education (mother) | Less than secondary (674) | 22.4 | 77.6 | Â |
Secondary (227) | 22.0 | 78.0 | 14.88 (0.001) | |
Post-secondary (261) | 11.5 | 88.5 | Â | |
Education (father) | Less than secondary (703) | 23.3 | 76.7 | Â |
Secondary (208) | 17.8 | 82.2 | 15.73 (<0.001) | |
Post-secondary (251) | 12.0 | 88.0 | Â | |
Employment (mother) | Employed (103) | 6.8 | 93.2 | 12.15 (<0.001) |
Housewife/unemployed(1059) | 21.2 | 78.8 | Â | |
Number of persons working part-time at household | No body (981) | 20.8 | 79.2 | 3.32 (0.040) |
1 to 4 persons (181) | 14.9 | 85.1 | Â | |
Crowding ratio | Two persons or less (771) | 16.3 | 83.7 | 18.00 (<0.001) |
More than two persons (391) | 26.9 | 73.1 | Â | |
Child disability | No (1040) | 18.9 | 81.1 | 5.46 (0.016) |
Yes (122) | 27.9 | 72.1 | Â | |
Child discipline | Low to medium (779) | 14.8 | 85.2 | 38.85 (<0.001) |
High (383) | 30.3 | 69.7 | Â | |
Locality type | Urban (439) | 14.4 | 85.6 | Â |
Rural (637) | 22.8 | 77.2 | 14.29 (0.001) | |
Camp (86) | 26.7 | 73.3 | Â | |
Region | North WB (529) | 9.8 | 90.2 | Â |
Center WB (266) | 27.4 | 72.6 | 61.78 (<0.001) | |
South WB (367) | 28.9 | 71.1 | Â | |
Political violence | No (686) | 14.7 | 85.3 | 27.96 (<0.001) |
Yes (476) | 27.3 | 72.7 | Â | |