Radiation therapy is an important factor to improve survival in pediatric patients with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma by enhancing local control: a historical cohort study from a single center

Table 1 TNM pretreatment staging system

Stage	Site^a	T^b	Size	N^c	M^d
1	Nonparameningeal	T1 or T2	Any	Any	M0
2	Parameningeal	T1 or T2	≤5 cm	N0 or Nx	M0
3	Parameningeal	T1 or T2	≤5 cm	N1	M0
			>5 cm	Any	M0
4	Any	T1 or T2	Any	Any	M1

a. For HNRMS favorable site refers to nonparameningeal site (orbit and nonorbit nonparameningeal head and neck); unfavorable site refers to parameningeal site
b. T1, confined to primary site; T2, surrounding tissue invasion
c. Regional nodes N0, not involved; N1, involved; Nx, status unknown
d. M0, no distant metastasis; M1 distant metastasis (includes positive cytology in CSF, pleural, or peritoneal fluid)

ISSN: 1471-2431