Enteroviral and herpes simplex virus central nervous system infections in infants < 90 days old: a Paediatric Investigators’ Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) study

Table 4 Demographic Clinical and Laboratory Factors Associated with Unfavorable Outcome Following Enteroviral CNS Infection

Factors	Unfavorable Outcome N = 8	Good outcome N = 95	P-Value^a
Age at Onset (d), median (IQR)	9 (5.5–19.5)	25 (14–34)	0.02
History of seizure at onset or during treatment, n (%)	3/8 (38)	2/95 (2)	0.003*
Abnormal imaging, n (%)	3/7 (43)	4/19 (21)	0.34
Meningoencephalitis, n (%)	4 (50)	3 (95)	< 0.001*
Intensive care unit admission, n (%)	4/7 (57)	8/91 (9)	0.004*
CSF white blood cell count × 10⁶/L^b, median (IQR)	180 (41–1271)	153 (15.5–393.5)	0.36
CSF protein (g/L), median (IQR)	1.10 (0.73–1.27)	0.76 (0.59–0.99)	0.13
CSF protein over 1 g/L^b, n (%)	5/8 (63)	20/90 (22)	0.02
CSF glucose (mmol/L)^b, median (IQR)	2.1 (1.95–2.29)	2.45 (2.20–2.75)	0.01
Extra-CNS disease, n (%)	2/8 (25)	6/95(6)	0.12

Legend: CNS central nervous system, CSF cerebrospinal fluid
*These variables remained significant at a p value of < 0.005 after Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons
^aFor comparison of proportions, Fishers exact test (2-sided) was used; for comparison of medians, Mann-Whitney test was used
^b The presence of one of more of parameters suggestive of bacterial meningitis (cell count > 1000 × 10⁶/L, Glucose < 2.0 mmol/L and CSF Protein > 1.0 g/L) in infants with EV was not associated with unfavorable outcome (8 (100%) infants who had unfavourable outcome with EV fit this criteria versus 57 (62%) who had favorable outcome; p = 0.05)

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