Fig. 2

a: A huge mass can be seen on the left side of the back, about 23 cm × 15 cm in size. The mass is cystic and has a sense of undulation, but there is no pulsation. The mass is located under the skin and the skin color has no obvious change. b: CT scan showed a huge lesion from the chest wall invaded into the left thoracic cavity and thoracic vertebra through the intercostal space. Contrast-enhanced CT scan showed no obvious enhancement within the lesion. C: CT scan showed multiple phleboliths formation in the lesion. D: The three-dimensional reconstruction of CTA only found a small amount of blood-supplying vessels on the left side of the spine, and the whole lesion morphology was invisible. E: In the operation, the mass was identified as VMs with abundant blood supply and thin wall. When surgically separated, the mass was prone to rupture and massive bleeding. F: After the operation, the blood supplying of the flap was good, and the wound healed well