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Table 2 Effect of ciKMC on Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Infant Temperament Scores at 6 and 12 months of infant age using linear regression

From: Community initiated kangaroo mother care and early child development in low birth weight infants in India-a randomized controlled trial

 

At 6 months (n = 521)

At 12 months (n = 516)

Outcome

Mean (SD)

Crude analysis

Multivariable analysis

Mean (SD)

Crude analysis

Multivariable analysis

Unadjusted ß1(95% CI)

Adjusted ß1(95% CI)*

 

Unadjusted ß1(95% CI)

Adjusted ß1(95% CI)*

Composite cognitive score

 Control

95.49 (13.8)

Ref

Ref

101.98 (11.6)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

96.47 (12.7)

0.98 (−1.30 to 3.26)

1.08 (−1.21 to 3.37)

102.19 (12.1)

0.21 (−1.84 to 2.27)

0.41 (− 1.58 to 2.40)

Composite Language score

 Control

88.51 (10.8)

Ref

Ref

85.39 (8.9)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

88.30 (9.9)

-0.20 (− 1.99 to 1.58)

−0.03 (− 1.82 to 1.77)

84.48 (9.1)

− 0.90 (−2.47 to 0.67)

− 0.61 (− 2.10 to 0.89)

Scaled Receptive language scores

 Control

8.66 (2.5)

Ref

Ref

7.38 (1.5)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

8.62 (2.3)

− 0.04 (− 0.46 to 0.38)

0.003 (− 0.41 to 0.42)

7.22 (1.6)

−0.16 (− 0.42 to 0.09)

− 0.13 (− 0.39 to 0.13)

Scaled Expressive language scores

 Control

7.34 (1.9)

Ref

Ref

7.54 (2.1)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

7.30 (1.7)

−0.04 (− 0.35 to 0.27)

− 0.02 (− 0.33 to 0.29)

7.39 (1.9)

−0.15 (− 0.50 to 0.20)

−0.08 (− 0.42 to 0.25)

Composite motor score

 Control

95.91 (15.6)

Ref

Ref

90.64 (10.7)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

96.74 (16.2)

0.83 (−1.91 to 3.57)

0.97 (− 1.71 to 3.66)

89.79 (10.2)

−0.85 (−2.65 to 0.96)

−0.75 (− 2.52 to 1.02)

Scaled fine motor scores

 Control

9.05 (2.9)

Ref

Ref

8.45 (1.5)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

9.07 (3.1)

0.03 (−0.48 to 0.54)

0.03 (−0.48 to 0.54)

8.37 (1.5)

−0.08 (− 0.34 to 0.18)

−0.09 (− 0.35 to 0.17)

Scaled gross motor scores

 Control

9.53 (2.8)

Ref

Ref

8.42 (2.6)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

9.80 (2.9)

0.27 (−0.24 to 0.78)

0.31 (−0.18 to 0.81)

8.22 (2.4)

−0.19 (− 0.62 to 0.24)

−0.14 (− 0.57 to 0.29)

Composite socio-emotional score

 Control

56.19 (3.1)

Ref

Ref

55.54 (1.6)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

56.29 (3.4)

0.10 (−0.46 to 0.66)

0.11 (−0.44 to 0.66)

55.48 (1.5)

−0.06 (− 0.32 to 0.20)

−0.06 (− 0.33 to 0.20)

Infant Temperament Score

 Control

89.25 (17.8)

Ref

Ref

102.29 (15.2)

Ref

Ref

 ciKMC

87.24 (17.9)

−2.01 (−5.07 to 1.06)

−1.70 (−4.85 to 1.47)

101.57 (14.9)

−0.72 (−3.33 to 1.88)

−0.49 (−3.15 to 2.18)

  1. *Adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (wealth quintile, religion, caste and number of family members); maternal characteristics (maternal age, maternal education); paternal characteristics (father’s age, father’s education); birth related characteristics (birth order, parity); infant characteristics (sex, birth weight, gestational age) and hospitalization in the neonatal period
  2. 1Reflects the difference in mean scores between the intervention and control groups of the trial