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Table 2 Prevalence (95% CI) of allergic diseases by categories of the participants’ characteristics (N = 183,449) *#

From: Prenatal and neonatal factors involved in the development of childhood allergic diseases in Guangzhou primary and middle school students

 

Allergic asthma§

Allergic dermatitis†

Allergic rhinitis‡

Eczema¶

All

1.55 (1.49, 1.60)

6.41 (6.29, 6.52)

4.15 (4.06, 4.24)

5.14 (5.04, 5.24)

Grade

 1–6

1.47 (1.41, 1.53)

6.94 (6.80, 7.07)

4.19 (4.08, 4.30)

5.21 (5.09, 5.33)

 7–9

1.70 (1.56, 1.83)**

4.68 (4.45, 4.91)***

4.02 (3.81, 4.23)

4.71 (4.48, 4.94)***

 10–12

1.96 (1.72, 2.19)***

5.27 (4.90,5.65)***

4.08 (3.75, 4.41)

5.43 (5.05, 5.81)

Age, Years

 6–10

1.45 (1.38, 1.52)

7.25 (7.10, 7.40)

4.20 (4.09, 4.32)

5.28 (5.15, 5.41)

 11–15

1.66 (1.56, 1.76)***

5.06 (4.88, 5.23)***

4.06 (3.91, 4.22)

4.83 (4.66, 5.01)***

  > 15

1.99 (1.72, 2.26)***

4.81 (4.39, 5.23)***

4.09 (3.70, 4.48)

5.32 (4.88, 5.76)

Sex

 Female

1.09 (1.02, 1.16)

5.95 (5.79, 6.11)

3.74 (3.61, 3.87)

4.71 (4.57, 4.85)

 Male

1.94 (1.85, 2.03)***

6.80 (6.64, 6.96)***

4.50 (4.37, 4.63)***

5.51 (5.36, 5.65)***

Neonatal feeding

 Breast feeding

1.31 (1.23, 1.39)

5.61 (5.46, 5.77)

3.61 (3.48, 3.74)

4.83 (4.68, 4.97)

 Breast + formula feeding

1.79 (1.69, 1.88)***

7.69 (7.49, 7.88)***

4.78 (4.63, 4.94)***

5.71 (5.54, 5.88)***

 Formula feeding

1.61 (1.47, 1.75)***

5.52 (5.27, 5.78)

4.11 (3.89, 4.33)***

4.65 (4.42, 4.88)

Delivery

 Vaginal delivery

1.31 (1.24, 1.38)

5.80 (5.66, 5.94)

3.72 (3.60, 3.83)

4.91 (4.78, 5.04)

 Cesarean

1.88 (1.78, 1.98)***

7.27 (7.08, 7.45)***

4.77 (4.62, 4.92)***

5.47 (5.31, 5.63)***

Diseases in pregnancy

Hypertension

 No

1.52 (1.46, 1.58)

6.36 (6.25, 6.47)

4.13 (4.04, 4.22)

5.11 (5.01, 5.21)

 Yes

3.17 (2.54, 3.79)***

9.10 (8.07, 10.1)***

5.59 (4.77, 6.42)***

6.87 (5.97, 7.78)***

Diabetes

 No

1.50 (1.44, 1.56)

6.26 (6.15, 6.37)

4.08 (3.99, 4.17)

5.09 (4.99, 5.19)

 Yes

3.48 (2.93, 4.02)***

12.5 (11.5, 13.5)***

7.12 (6.35, 7.90)***

7.25 (6.47, 8.02)***

Intrahepatic cholestasis

 No

1.54 (1.48, 1.59)

6.39 (6.28, 6.50)

4.14 (4.05, 4.23)

5.13 (5.03, 5.23)

 Yes

4.54 (2.68, 6.39)***

11.3 (8.52, 14.2)***

9.05 (6.50, 11.6)***

9.11 (6.54, 11.7)***

Hypothyroidism

 No

1.54 (1.48, 1.59)

6.39 (6.28, 6.50)

4.14 (4.05, 4.23)

5.13 (5.03, 5.23)

 Yes

4.76 (3.04, 6.48)***

10.7 (8.23, 13.2)***

8.32 (6.09, 10.6)***

8.72 (6.43, 11.0)***

Hyperthyroidism

 No

1.53 (1.48, 1.59)

6.40 (6.29, 6.51)

4.14 (4.05, 4.23)

5.13 (5.03, 5.23)

 Yes

4.61 (3.12, 6.10)***

8.30 (6.34, 10.3)*

7.51 (5.63, 9.38)***

6.94 (5.12, 8.76)*

Anemia

 No

1.50 (1.45, 1.56)

6.06 (5.95, 6.18)

3.94 (3.84, 4.03)

4.95 (4.85, 5.06)

 Yes

2.08 (1.84, 2.32)***

10.7 (10.2, 11.2)***

6.87 (6.45, 7.30)***

7.49 (7.04, 7.93)***

Viral hepatitis

 No

1.53 (1.48, 1.59)

6.38 (6.27, 6.49)

4.13 (4.04, 4.22)

5.11 (5.01, 5.22)

 Yes

2.77 (2.04, 3.50)***

8.83 (7.57, 10.1)***

6.11 (5.05, 7.17)***

7.33 (6.17, 8.50)***

Other

 No

1.53 (1.47, 1.58)

6.35 (6.24, 6.46)

4.10 (4.01, 4.19)

5.11 (5.01, 5.21)

 Yes

4.22 (3.14, 5.30)***

13.8 (12.0, 15.7)***

11.3 (9.59, 13.0)***

9.12 (7.56, 10.7)***

Any disease above

 No

1.42 (1.36, 1.48)

5.82 (5.71, 5.94)

3.79 (3.70, 3.88)

4.83 (4.73, 4.94)

 Yes

2.43 (2.23, 2.63)***

10.4 (10.0, 10.8)***

6.65 (6.33, 6.97)***

7.26 (6.93, 7.60)***

Only child

 No

1.29 (1.23, 1.36)

5.47 (5.33, 5.60)

3.57 (3.46, 3.68)

4.59 (4.47, 4.72)

 Yes

1.95 (1.84, 2.05)***

7.90 (7.70, 8.10)***

5.08 (4.91, 5.24)***

6.00 (5.83, 6.18)***

Father smoking

 Never smoked

1.56 (1.47, 1.64)

6.45 (6.29, 6.61)

3.99 (3.87, 4.12)

5.00 (4.86, 5.14)

 Quit for > 1 year

1.86 (1.64, 2.08)**

6.61 (6.21, 7.02)

4.58 (4.24, 4.92)***

5.66 (5.28, 6.04)***

 Quit for < 1 year

1.63 (1.25, 2.01)

6.11 (5.40, 6.83)

4.01 (3.43, 4.60)

5.43 (4.75, 6.11)

 Current smoking

1.47 (1.38, 1.56)

6.33 (6.15, 6.50)

4.27 (4.12, 4.41)**

5.19 (5.03, 5.35)

  1. CI Confidence Interval
  2. *: prevalence (95% CI) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001 indicating the significance of comparing each of other categories with the first category as the reference group
  3. #: Two proportion Z test was used for comparing prevalence of allergic disease in categories of the participants’ characteristics with the first category as the reference group
  4. §: 2,832/183,162 (1.55%), 287 missing values;
  5. †: 11,731/183,142 (6.41%), 307 missing values;
  6. ‡: 7,607/183,238 (4.15%), 211 missing values;
  7. ¶: 9,352/181,997 (5.14%), 1452 missing values
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BMC Pediatrics

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