Maternal and paternal perinatal depressive symptoms associate with 2- and 3-year-old children’s behaviour: findings from the APrON longitudinal study

Table 4 Predictors of Children’s externalizing behaviours^a

	Attention problems	Aggressive behaviour	Total externalizing
Effect	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)
Intercept	5.45 (0.81) P = < 0.000	6.62 (0.63) P = < 0.000	8.19 (0.33) P = < 0.000
Groups (ref: Non- Depressed Mothers & Fathers)
• Depressed Fathers	0.17 (0.21) P = 0.413	− 0.34 (0.62) P = 0.580	−0.26 (0.76) P = 0.736
• Depressed Mothers	0.51 (0.18) P = 0.005	1.52 (0.49) P = 0.002	2.20 (0.60) P = 0.000
• Depressed Mothers and Fathers	0.13 (0.29) P = 0.659	1.13 (0.79) P = 0.156	1.41 (0.97) P = 0.145
Maternal Age	−0.06 (0.02) P = 0.000
Mothers’ Education (ref: University Degree or more)
• Less than degree	0.41 (0.16) P = 0.009		1.35 (0.56) P = 0.018
Fathers’ Education (ref: University Degree or more)
Less than degree		1.34 (0.40) P = 0.001
Mothers’ Household Income (ref: $70,000 or more)
• Less than $70 k		1.23 (0.54) P = 0.023	1.51 (0.66) P = 0.024
Mother born in Canada (ref: No)
Yes		1.14 (0.53) P = 0.032
Mothers’ Stress		0.89 (0.27) P = 0.001	0.95 (0.33) P = 0.004
Maternal Social Support	−0.12 (0.03) P = 0.001

^aTo determine the association between the four patterns of perinatal symptoms (mother depressed, father depression, both depressed, neither depressed) in mothers and fathers and their young children’s externalizing behaviours. Marginal model standardized beta coefficients are interpreted the same way as in linear regression

ISSN: 1471-2431