BMC Pediatrics

Table 3 Prenatal exposures and pubertal timing, measured by HD:SDS^a, in children born 2000–2003, the Danish National Birth Cohort, Denmark

From: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking in pregnancy, and alcohol intake in pregnancy in relation to pubertal timing in the children

	Boys (n = 22,409)			Girls (n = 19,301)
	Crude	Adjusted^b		Crude	Adjusted^b
Prenatal exposures	Difference	Difference	95% CI	Difference	Difference	95% CI
Pre-pregnancy BMI
< 18.5 kg/m²	−0.15	− 0.13	− 0.19, − 0.06	− 0.10	− 0.07	− 0.14, − 0.01
18.5–24.9 kg/m²	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
25.0–29.9 kg/m²	0.17	0.12	0.09, 0.16	0.15	0.10	0.06, 0.13
30.0+ kg/m²	0.30	0.23	0.18, 0.28	0.26	0.19	0.14, 0.24
Trend analysis (kg/m²)	0.027	0.021	0.018, 0.024	0.025	0.019	0.015, 0.022
Smoking in pregnancy
Non-smoker	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Stopped smoking	−0.01	−0.01	−0.05, 0.04	− 0.03	−0.04	− 0.08, 0.01
1–9 daily cigarettes	−0.01	− 0.02	− 0.07, 0.03	0.05	0.03	−0.02, 0.08
10–14 daily cigarettes	0.05	0.01	−0.06, 0.08	0.09	0.04	−0.03, 0.11
15+ daily cigarettes	0.03	−0.02	−0.11, 0.07	0.11	0.02	−0.07, 0.11
Trend analysis (group)	0.007	−0.003	−0.017, 0.011	0.023	0.008	−0.007, 0.022
Alcohol in pregnancy
Abstainers	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
< 1 units weekly	− 0.01	0.00	−0.03, 0.03	−0.03	−0.02	−0.05, 0.01
1–3 units weekly	− 0.05	− 0.02	− 0.07, 0.02	−0.05	− 0.02	−0.07, 0.02
> 3 units weekly	− 0.16	− 0.14	− 0.24, − 0.05	− 0.01	0.00	−0.10, 0.09
Trend analysis (units)	−0.027	−0.021	−0.035, − 0.008	− 0.013	− 0.006	− 0.019, 0.007

Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, CI Confidence interval, Ref Reference, HD:SDS Height difference in standard deviations
^aA negative HD:SDS indicates later pubertal timing, and a positive HD:SDS indicates earlier pubertal timing
^bAdjusted for highest social class of parents, parity, maternal age at delivery, maternal age at menarche and all other exposures (in categories) in this table

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ISSN: 1471-2431

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