Table 2 Comparison between singletons and multiples regarding cardiometabolic indicators at 7 years follow-up evaluation
From: Different levels of cardiometabolic indicators in multiple vs. singleton children
Crude value | p | Age and sex z-scoreb | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singletons | Multiples | Singletons | Multiples | |||
Cardiometabolic characteristics at age 7a | ||||||
Weight (kg) | 26.2 (26.1, 26.4) | 24.0 (23.1, 25.0) | < 0.001 | 0.02 (−0.01; 0.04) | − 0.41 (− 0.59; − 0.24) | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 123.6 (123.4, 123.7) | 121.3 (120.3, 122.2) | < 0.001 | − 0.01 (− 0.04; 0.02) | − 0.45 (− 0.62; − 0.28) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 17.1 (17.0, 17.1) | 16.3 (15.8, 16.7) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.70; 0.76) | 0.27 (0.07; 0.48) | < 0.001 |
Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 3.0 (2.9, 3.1) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) | 0.001 | −0.07 (− 0.10; − 0.04) | −0.39 (− 0.57; − 0.21) | 0.001 |
Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 14.0 (14.0, 14.1) | 13.9 (13.7, 14.2) | 0.360 | 0.09 (0.07; 0.12) | 0.01 (− 0.16; 0.18) | 0.325 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 59.1 (59.0, 59.3) | 56.6 (55.4, 57.8) | < 0.001 | −0.03 (− 0.06; − 0.01) | −0.40 (− 0.57; − 0.23) | < 0.001 |
Waist-to-height ratio | 0.48 (0.48, 0.48) | 0.47 (0.46, 0.48) | 0.023 | −0.05 (− 0.07; − 0.03) | −0.20 (− 0.34; − 0.06) | 0.044 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 82.4 (82.2, 82.7) | 82.4 (80.7, 84.1) | 0.980 | −0.09 (− 0.13; − 0.05) | − 0.11 (− 0.40; 0.19) | 0.909 |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 5.2 (5.0, 5.3) | 4.5 (3.8, 5.2) | 0.061 | 0.01 (− 0.03; 0.04) | − 0.20 (− 0.43; 0.03) | 0.082 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56.3 (55.9, 56.7) | 58.0 (55.4, 60.6) | 0.201 | 0.08 (0.04; 0.11) | 0.22 (−0.01; 0.44) | 0.218 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 62.2 (61.3, 63.2) | 60.9 (54.8, 67.1) | 0.693 | −0.05 (− 0.09; − 0.02) | −0.09 (− 0.29; 0.12) | 0.745 |
hs-C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.31 (1.20, 1.43) | 1.02 (0.43, 1.61) | 0.346 | 0.00 (− 0.03; 0.04) | − 0.03 (− 0.28; 0.22) | 0.816 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105.2 (105.0, 105.5) | 103.4 (102.0, 104.9) | 0.016 | 0.71 (0.68; 0.73) | 0.70 (0.58; 0.83) | 0.970 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69.8 (69.7, 70.1) | 68.1 (67.0, 69.4) | 0.006 | 1.04 (1.02; 1.06) | 0.97 (0.86; 1.07) | 0.185 |