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Table 4 Adjusted odds of receiving newborn care interventions among most recent home births in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal

From: Trends, determinants, and newborn mortality related to thermal care and umbilical cord care practices in South Asia

 

India 2015–16

(clean instrument to cut the cord)

Bangladesh 2014

(clean instrument, dry or antiseptic cord care)

Nepal 2016

(clean instrument, dry or antiseptic cord care)

UOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

UOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

UOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

Place of residence (ref = rural)

 Urban

1.2

[0.9,1.6]

1.1

[0.8, 1.5]

1.0

[0.7,1.3]

1.0

[0.8, 1.4]

1.1

[0.8,1.5]

1.1

[0.8, 1.4]

Wealth quintile (ref = lowest and second)

 Middle

1.0

[0.8,1.3]

0.9

[0.7, 1.1]

1.1

[0.7,1.6]

1.0

[0.7, 1.4]

0.7*

[0.5,1.0]

0.8

[0.6, 1.0]

 Second highest and highest

1.4*

[1.0,1.9]

1.2

[0.8, 1.6]

1.0

[0.7,1.3]

0.8

[0.6, 1.2]

0.8

[0.6,1.1]

0.8

[0.6, 1.1]

Education (ref = none)

 Primary

1.1

[0.9,1.3]

1.1

[0.9, 1.3]

0.9

[0.7,1.2]

1.0

[0.8, 1.3]

1.1

[0.8,1.4]

1.1

[0.8, 1.4]

 Secondary or higher

1.3**

[1.1,1.6]

1.3**

[1.1, 1.6]

1.2

[0.9,1.7]

1.3

[1.0, 1.7]

1.6**

[1.2,2.1]

1.5*

[1.1, 2.1]

Religion

 Hindu

(ref)

   

1.3

[0.8, 1.9]

1.2

[0.8, 1.9]

(ref)

   

 Muslim, other

0.9

[0.8,1.1]

0.9

[0.8, 1.1]

(ref)

   

0.9

[0.6,1.3]

1.0

[0.6, 1.5]

Maternal age at birth (ref = 18–34)

 < 18

0.7

[0.5,1.0]

0.8

[0.5, 1.2]

0.8

[0.6,1.0]

1.0

[0.7, 1.4]

1.0

[0.6,1.6]

0.8

[0.5, 1.4]

 35 and older

0.7***

[0.6,0.8]

0.7**

[0.6, 0.9]

1.0

[0.6,1.5]

1.1

[0.7, 1.8]

0.8

[0.5,1.3]

0.9

[0.6, 1.4]

Preceding birth interval (ref = 2+)

 First birth

0.8

[0.7,1.0]

0.7**

[0.6, 0.9]

0.7

[0.5,1.1]

0.7

[0.4, 1.1]

1.1

[0.8,1.5]

1.0

[0.7, 1.4]

 Less than 2 years

0.9

[0.8,1.1]

0.9

[0.8, 1.1]

1.5*

[1.0,2.2]

1.4

[1.0, 2.1]

0.9

[0.7,1.2]

0.9

[0.7, 1.2]

Antenatal care (ref = less than 4)

 4 or more visits

1.3**

[1.1,1.6]

1.3*

[1.0, 1.5]

1.5*

[1.1,2.2]

1.5**

[1.1, 2.0]

1.2

[0.9,1.5]

1.1

[0.8, 1.3]

Size at birth (ref = normal or large)

 Small or very small

1.1

[0.9,1.3]

1.0

[0.9, 1.2]

0.8

[0.6,1.1]

0.9

[0.7, 1.1]

1.0

[0.8,1.4]

1.0

[0.8, 1.4]

Gender of child (ref = female)

 Male

1.0

[0.9,1.1]

1.0

[0.8, 1.1]

0.8

[0.7,1.0]

0.8

[0.7, 1.0]

0.8

[0.7,1.0]

0.8

[0.7, 1.0]

Skilled attendant at birth (ref = no)

 Yes

1.1

[0.9,1.3]

1.0

[0.8, 1.2]

1.7**

[1.2,2.5]

1.7*

[1.1, 2.4]

1.0

[0.7,1.6]

1.0

[0.7, 1.6]

ROC

  

0.65

   

0.58

   

0.57

 

Pseudo R2

  

0.04

   

0.02

   

0.01

 
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