Table 1 Characteristics of study participants: comparison of overweight and obese cases with controls
Characteristics | Controls (n = 622) | Cases (n = 311) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Age of child (years), M (SD) | 3.86 (1.17) | 3.85 (1.18) | 0.84 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.56 | ||
Male | 3956 (63.7) | 204 (65.6) | |
Female | 226 (36.3) | 107 (34.4) | |
Mother’s educational level, n (%) | 0.79 | ||
Secondary school and below | 195 (31.4%) | 91 (29.3%) | |
University | 362 (60.5%) | 188 (62.7%) | |
Postgraduate | 41 (6.9%) | 21 (7.0%) | |
Father’s educational level, n (%) | 0.92 | ||
Secondary school and below | 195 (32.3%) | 100 (33.4%) | |
University | 359 (59.4%) | 176 (58.9%) | |
Postgraduate | 50 (8.3%) | 23 (7.7%) | |
Family income per month (yuan), n (%) | 0.16 | ||
< 3000 | 53 (8.8%) | 26 (8.7%) | |
3000–5000 | 151 (25.0%) | 86 (28.7%) | |
5000–8000 | 209 (34.7%) | 82 (27.3%) | |
> 8000 | 190 (31.5%) | 106 (35.3%) | |
Mother is overweight, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
No | 491 (80.0%) | 198 (64.63%) | |
Yes | 123 (20.0%) | 110 (35.7%) | |
Father is overweight, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
No | 272 (44.2%) | 73 (23.7%) | |
Yes | 343 (55.8%) | 235 (76.3%) | |
Cesarean delivery, n (%) | 0.03 | ||
No | 202 (33.1%) | 78 (25.9%) | |
Yes | 408 (66.9%) | 233 (74.1%) | |
TV viewing time, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
< 1 h | 265 (42.6%) | 97 (31.2%) | |
≥ 1 h | 357 (57.4%) | 214 (68.8%) | |
Time spent in sporting activities, n (%) | 0.27 | ||
≤ 1 h | 288 (51.9%) | 161 (55.9%) | |
> 1 h | 267 (48.1%) | 127 (44.1%) | |
Sleep duration, n (%) | 0.349 | ||
< 10 h | 137 (22.0%) | 77 (24.8%) | |
≥ 10 h | 485 (78.0%) | 234 (75.2%) | |
Having snacks while watching TV, n (%) | 0.01 | ||
No | 394 (63.9%) | 169 (54.7%) | |
Yes | 223 (36.1%) | 140 (45.3%) | |
Watching TV while having meals, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
No | 385 (62.9%) | 158 (51.8%) | |
Yes | 227 (37.1%) | 147 (48.2%) | |
Advertisement for junk food, n (%) | 0.13 | ||
No | 413 (67.4%) | 190 (62.3%) | |
Yes | 200 (32.6%) | 115 (37.7%) |