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Table 1 Percentage of each variable in household income quintiles using the total cohort sample (N = 14,355)

From: Understanding pathways to social inequalities in childhood unintentional injuries: findings from the UK millennium cohort study

Variables

Income quintile

Total

P-valueb

First (Highest)

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth (lowest)

Percent (count)

Count of child in each quintile

2490

2695

2771

3138

3261

14,553

–

Unintentional injuries between 3 and 5 years old

24.0

26.9

28.7

29.4

31.0

28.0 (4019)

< 0.001

Baseline Risks

 MCS child (MCSc) is male, recorded at 9 months old

51.3

50.7

51.7

50.8

50.4

51.0 (7335)

0.09

 MCSc from non-white ethnic group recorded at 9 months old

8.0

5.5

8.5

16.6

23.4

12.1 (1919)

< 0.001

Maternal age at birth, recorded at 9 months old

 14–19 years

0.5

1.5

4.2

9.0

23.1

7.7 (1114)

< 0.001

 20–24 years

3.0

8.3

16.8

25.8

29.1

16.6 (2551)

 25–34 years

94.6

88.6

78.2

64.0

46.8

74.4 (10494)

 35+ years

2.0

1.6

0.8

1.3

1.0

1.3 (195)

Number of children in the household at birth (including MCSc) recorded at 9 months old

 MCS lone child

56.8

43.0

40.0

31.6

39.4

42.1 (6008)

< 0.001

 2/3 children

41.1

54.3

54.8

56.5

47.9

50.9 (7226)

 4 or more children

2.2

2.7

5.3

11.9

12.7

7.0 (1121)

Factors That May Influence Environmental Safety

 No safe areas to play, MCSc 9 months old

20.4

25.4

34.1

43.0

51.0

34.8 (5367)

< 0.001

Items of named safety equipment used, MCSc 9 months old (count)a

 None

0.4

0.4

0.7

3.5

7.6

2.5 (452)

< 0.001

 1 piece

3.5

3.8

5.6

11.4

17.6

8.4 (1280)

 2 pieces

18.8

17.6

19.8

22.7

25.4

20.9 (3081)

 3 pieces

25.9

25.3

26.6

26.1

23.8

25.6 (3739)

 4 pieces

31.0

33.4

31.2

23.8

17.3

27.4 (3724)

 5 pieces

20.3

19.6

16.1

12.4

8.2

15.3 (2075)

 No garden, MCSc age 3

1.5

2.3

4.1

9.8

17.0

6.7 (873)

< 0.001

Type of childcare used, MCSc age 3

 Parent care only

47.8

56.2

67.0

84.6

93.5

69.2 (8858)

< 0.001

 Registered childcare (e.g. Ofsted inspected nursery)

19.0

26.2

24.9

12.4

5.1

17.8 (2479)

 Non-registered childcare (e.g. family, friends)

33.2

17.6

8.1

3.1

1.4

13.0 (1575)

 Has a household pets, MCSc age 3

42.5

50.8

54.8

51.8

45.8

49.1 (6029)

< 0.001

 Poor home safety (HOME score), MCSc age 3

0.1

1.1

0.9

2.3

3.8

1.6 (191)

< 0.001

 Exposed to household smoking, MCSc age 3

5.2

6.9

13.3

24.5

36.8

16.9 (2217)

< 0.001

 Responder feels unsafe in area, MCSc age 3

5.4

5.6

10.3

17.0

23.0

12.0 (1656)

< 0.001

Disorganised home environment, MCSc age 3

 Very organised

25.0

22.3

19.3

17.4

15.8

20.1 (2608)

< 0.001

 Organised

57.2

56.5

55.6

50.5

48.2

53.7 (6967)

 Average

10.2

11.4

13.5

15.5

16.3

13.3 (1668)

 Disorganised

6.3

8.6

10.0

13.7

16.2

10.8 (1379)

 Very disorganised

1.3

1.2

1.6

2.9

3.5

2.1 (261)

Factors that may influence supervision

 Primary carer distressed, MCSc age 3

0.7

1.0

2.2

3.4

5.9

2.5 (302)

< 0.001

 Primary carer Limiting long term condition, MCSc age 3

15.9

18.5

22.0

26.6

25.4

21.51 (2841)

< 0.001

Primary caregiver alcohol units per week, MCSc age 3

 None

34.5

49.9

62.0

71.5

76.3

58.9 (8947)

< 0.001

 1–6 units

43.7

36.2

28.2

19.7

14.5

28.4 (3735)

 7–14 units

18.2

11.4

8.0

6.8

6.3

10.1 (1349)

 15 or more units (exceeding current UK Guidance)

3.6

2.5

1.8

1.9

2.9

2.5 (317)

 Has an unstructured parenting style (e.g. few rules) MCSc age 3

45.3

49.4

57.3

61.9

65.3

55.5 (7068)

< 0.001

Family and friends live nearby MCSc age 3

 Both

40.0

50.8

55.8

52.5

50.7

50.0 (7285)

< 0.001

 Family only

5.0

6.8

8.8

9.6

12.4

8.5 (1350)

 Friends only

40.3

30.6

23.8

23.7

21.3

27.9 (3796)

 Neither nearby

14.7

11.8

11.6

14.3

15.6

13.6 (1906)

Factors relating to the mcs child’s abilities and behaviours

 Score from Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) MCSc age 3, graded as:

  Average

90.0

88.6

81.1

72.8

63.6

79.9 (9607)

< 0.001

  Borderline

6.4

7.4

11.0

12.5

14.9

10.2 (1258)

  Below average

3.7

4.1

7.9

14.7

21.6

9.9 (1248)

  Sight concerns, MCSc age 3

5.1

5.8

6.4

6.0

6.1

5.9 (566)

0.19

  Hearing concerns, MCSc age 3

5.4

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.3 (853)

0.52

  Child is NOT school ready, MCSc age 3

3.5

5.3

9.4

18.2

26.5

12.1 (1586)

< 0.001

  1. N = 14,355 with further missing data for some named variables as: Child: minority/ ethnic (n = 1454), Strength and difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 3 (n = 2242), School readiness (n = 2712), hearing concerns at 3 yrs old (n = 69, sight concern at 3 yrs old (n = 59) Maternal age at MCS birth (n = 1), Mum has a LLTC at 3 years (n = 1471) Levels of distress: Kessler score > 5 (n = 2719), Parenting style (n = 1936), Alcohol (n = 7), Social network(n = 18), Number of children in household (n = 563), Household pet (n = 1392), Household smoking at 3 yrs old (n = 1471), No safe places to play at 9 months (n = 180), No safety equipment at 9 months (n = 4), safe areas to play at 3 yrs (n = 2365), Childcare type (n = 1443), Responder feels safe (n = 1471), disorganised home (n = 1472)
  2. a List safety equipment includes [no particular order]: stairgate, fireguard, plug socket covers, car seat, and smoke alarm
  3. b Chi squared test
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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