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Table 4 Relationship between standard coefficient beta and gender, age and education for Question 16 and 21 (N = 570)

From: Parents’ self-directed practices towards the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Statement

SA

N(%)

A

N(%)

Uncertain

N(%)

D

N (%)

SD

N(%)

Gender

OR (95% CI)

Age

OR (95% CI)

Education

OR (95% CI)

Q16A

29 (5.1)

99 (17.1)

99 (17.1)

197 (34.6)

128 (22%)

−.035 (− 0.599, 0.245)

−0.115 (− 0.426, − 0.061) *

−0.062 (− 0.099, 0.015)

Q16B

45 (7.9)

151 (26.5)

139 (24.4)

156 (27.4)

53 (9.3)

0.05 (−0.163, 0.652)

−0.137 (− 0.457, − 0.104) *

−0.008 (− 0.061, 0.050)

Q16C

83 (14.6)

222 (38.9)

119 (20.9)

103 (18.1)

35 (6.1)

−0.004 (− 0.394, 0.355)

−0.054 (− 0.263, 0.062)

−0.055 (− 0.084, 0.018)

Q16D

61 (10.7)

201 (35.3)

205 (36)

67 (11.8)

26 (4.6)

0.024 (−0.238, 0.430)

0.009 (−0.129, 0.160)

− 0.054 (− 0.74, 0.016)

Q16E

26 (4.6)

49 (8.6)

124 (21.8)

202 (35.4)

153 (26.8)

0.115 (0.150, 0.950) *

0.046 (−0.081, 0.266)

−0.011 (− 0.061, 0.047)

Q16F

133 (23.3)

143 (25.1)

143 (26.8)

86 (15.1)

42 (7.4)

−0.022 (− 0.508, 0.297)

−0.169 (− 0.519, − 0.169)

−0.011 (− 0.055, 0.054)

Q16G

68 (11.9)

181 (31.8)

214 (37.5)

66 (11.8)

28 (4.9)

−0.026 (− 0.450, 0.234)

−0.152 (− 0.411, − 0.115) *

−0.085 (− 0.093, 0.000) *

21A

166 (29.1)

202 (35.4)

72 (12.6)

69 (12.1)

41 (7.2)

−0.066 (− 0.086, 0.734)

−0.079 (− 0.0341, 0.014)

−0.08 (− 0.108, 0.003)

21B

43 (7.5)

93 (16.3)

124 (21.8)

120 (29.8)

112 (19.6)

0.092 (0.041, 0.914) *

−0.053 (− 0.305, 0.072)

−0.052 (− 0.095, 0.023)

21C

59 (10.4)

164 (28.8)

116 (20.4)

88 (15.4)

123 (21.6)

0.013 (−0.386, 0.527)

−0.058 (− 0.331, 0.066)

−0.014 (− 0.072, 0.052)

  1. Linear logistic regression, * = significant (p < 0.05); gender (ref male); age (20–30 years); Education (primary school)
  2. SA Strongly Approve, A Approve, N Neutral, D Disapprove, SD Strongly Disapprove
  3. Q16 A: Antibiotic must be administered in any case, once a child has fever?
  4. Q16 B: As most of the Upper Respiratory Infections (like colds, flu, sore throats, ear infection) are of viral cause, they must not be cured with antibiotics?
  5. Q16 C: If a child suffers from a flu or a cold, it will be cured more quickly if it is resistant bacteria?
  6. Q16 D: Scientists can always produce new antibiotics that are able to kill the resistant bacteria?
  7. Q16 E: Antibiotics do not have side - effects?
  8. Q16 F: When antibiotics are administered when there is no special reason, their efficacy decreases and bacteria become more resistant?
  9. Q16 G: Antibiotics decrease the complications of an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection?
  10. Q21A: Do you believe antibiotics are used too much?
  11. Q21B: Would you change your pediatrician because in your opinion he/she does not prescribe antibiotics often enough for your child?
  12. Q21C: Would you change pediatrician because in your opinion he/she prescribe antibiotics for your child very often?
  13. Q(A): If your pediatrician prescribes an antibiotic, how often do you ask him/her if it is actually necessary?
  14. Q(B): How often do you praise a pediatrician if he/she prefers not to prescribe antibiotics?
  15. Q(C): How often does your pediatrician recommend antibiotic therapy by phone?
  16. Q(D): In case you strongly wish your child to receive antibiotics, how often do you directly ask your pediatrician for them?
  17. Q(E): How often do you follow all your pediatrician’s instructions and advice?
  18. Q(F): How often do you urge your pediatrician to prescribe antibiotic even when the diagnosis is not confirmed?
  19. Q(G): How often does your pediatrician explain to you about your child’s condition and if they should or shouldn’t receive antibiotics?
  20. Q(H): How often do you think that your pediatrician prescribes antibiotics only because you asked him/her?
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BMC Pediatrics

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