Table 2 Study designs and instruments used to study sleep and health
From: Sleep and its relationship to health in parents of preterm infants: a scoping review
Author Year Country | Design | Sample | Context | Time data collection | Instruments used to study sleep | Instruments used to study health |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lee & Kimble (2009), USA | Quantitative, cross sectional | 20 mothers of LBW infants | NICU | Second week postpartum | Self-report: Sleep rated for the past week (GSDS), sleep diary (2 days) Objective: actigraphy for 2 days. | Fatigue: NRS-F Depression: EPDS Health related quality of life: SF36v2 |
Lee & Hsu (2012a), USA | Quantitative, cross sectional | 55 mothers of LBW infants | NICU | Second week postpartum | Self-report: Sleep rated for the past week (GSDS), SDI, sleep diary. Objective: Actigraphy 2 days (N = 20) and 3 days (N = 35) | Fatigue: LFS Depression: EPDS Stress: PSS and IES Health related quality of life: SF36v2 |
Lee et al. (2012b), USA | Quantitative, cross sectional, comparative | 51 mothers of preterm infants | NICU | Second week postpartum | Self-report: Sleep rated for the past week (GSDS), sleep diary. Objective: Actigraphy 2–3 days | Fatigue: LFS Depression: EPDS Health related quality of life: SF36v2 Activity: actigraphy to measure rest/activity pattern |
Lee & Hsu (2016), USA | Quantitative, cross sectional, comparative | 30 mothers of LBW infants | NICU | Second week postpartum | Subjective: Sleep rated for the past week (GSDS), sleep diary. Objective: Actigraphy 3 days | Depression: EPDS Stress: PSS Serum: Test serotonin transporter polymorphism (5 HTTLPR) genotype. |
Shelton et al. (2014), USA | Quantitative, cross sectional comparative design | 55 mothers of preterm infants | NICU | Second week postpartum | Self-report: Sleep rated for the past week (GSDS), sleep diary (2–3 days). Objective: Actigraphy 2–3 days | Fatigue: LFS Depression: EPDS Stress: PSS Health related quality of life: SF36v2 |
Schaffer (2012), USA | Quantitative Prospective descriptive data analysis Clinical trial | 20 mothers of preterm infants | NICU | Repeated measures over eight weeks postpartum | Self-report: PSQI | Anxiety: STAI Depression: CES-D Stress: PSS Social support: FSSQ + A brief semi structured interview on the acceptability of the R-GI intervention. |
Lee et al. (2013), USA | Quantitative, clinical trial | 30 mothers of LBW infants randomized to a treatment or control group. | NICU | Data collected at pretreatment (second week postpartum) and after 3-week intervention. | Self-report: Sleep rated for the past week (GSDS), sleep diary for 3 days Objective: Actigraphy 3 days | Fatigue: LFS Depression: EPDS Stress: PSS Health related quality of life: SF36v2 Maternal perceived support: FSS |
Williams & Williams (1997), USA | Quantitative, cohort, comparative | 74 mothers of preterm infants | NICU and home T1/Baseline = NICU T2 = one-week post-discharge T3 = one-month post-discharge. | Data were collected at three-time periods; baseline, one-week post discharge and one-month post discharge | Self-report: Subscale of the VHS Sleep Scale. | Stress: PSS Fatigue: MAF, Reframe: FCOPES, Cohesion: FACES II |
Gennaro & Fehder (2000), USA | Quantitative, longitudinal, comparative | 124 mothers, 64 with a VLBW preterm infant and 60 with a full-term infant | NICU and home | Data collected within 24 h after birth, + home (1 month, 2 months, and 4 months postpartum) | Self-report: SWAI and SSS. | Maternal weight loss, Nutritional intake: 24-h diet recall, Exercise: FWPA |
McMillen et al. (1993), Australia | Quantitative, cohort, comparative | Mothers of 23 term infants and 22 preterm infants | Home | Up to 5 months after either birth (term group) or arrival of the infant home (preterm group). | Self-report: 24-h sleep/wake chart for infant and mother (completed by mother). | Saliva: Melatonin and cortisol tests. |
Wollenhaupt (2010), USA | Qualitative, Natural inqury design | Mothers and fathers in 10 families. | Home | 3–5 weeks following discharge from NICU | Semi-structured interviews |