Factors associated with congenital anomalies in Addis Ababa and the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a case-control study

BMC Pediatrics

Table 3 Reproductive history of the study participants/children’s mothers, Addis Ababa and the Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2016

Characteristics		Cases		Controls		Total
Characteristics		(n = 207)	%	(n = 207)	%	(n = 414)	%
Birth order	First	68	32.9	100	48.3	168	40.6
	Second	41	19.8	47	22.7	88	21.3
	Third and above	98	47.3	60	29.0	158	38.2
Total number of pregnancy	1	67	32.4	100	48.3	167	40.3
	2-3	69	33.3	70	33.8	139	33.6
	4 and above	71	34.3	37	17.9	108	26.1
Full and post term pregnancy	Post term	12	5.8	5	2.4	17	4.1
	1-2	124	59.9	165	79.7	289	69.8
	3 and above	71	34.3	37	17.9	108	26.1
Preterm	None	158	76.3	178	86.0	336	81.2
	1	47	22.7	26	12.6	73	17.6
	2 and above	2	1.0	3	1.4	5	1.2
Elective termination	None	184	88.9	199	96.1	383	92.5
Elective termination	1-2	23	11.1	8	3.9	31	7.5
Miscarriage	None	131	63.3	174	84.1	305	73.7
	1-2	76	36.7	31	15.0	107	25.8
	3 and above	0	0	2	1.0	2	0.5
Still birth	None	164	79.23	190	91.8	354	85.5
	1-2	42	20.29	17	8.2	59	14.3
	3 and above	1	0.5	0	0	1	0.2
Neonate/Infant/child death	None	178	86.0	189	91.3	367	88.9
	1-2	29	14.0	17	8.2	46	11.1
	3 and above	0	0	1	0.5	1	0.2
Living children	None	7	3.4	0	0	7	1.7
	1-2	129	62.3	169	81.6	298	72.0
	3 and above	71	34.3	38	18.4	109	26.3
Gravidity	Primigravida	70	33.8	100	48.3	170	41.1
Gravidity	Multigravida	137	66.2	107	51.7	244	58.9
Gestational age at 1st ANC (antenatal care) visit	No ANC visit	34	16.4	19	9.2	53	12.8
	1-3 months	27	13.0	29	14.0	56	13.5
	4 months and above	146	70.5	159	76.8	305	73.7
Institution for ANC attended	Public hospital	27	13.0	23	11.1	50	12.1
	Public health center	130	62.8	147	71.0	277	66.9
	Private hospital	6	2.9	4	1.9	10	2.4
	Private clinic	7	3.4	13	6.3	20	4.8
	Health post	3	1.4	1	0.5	4	1.0
	No ANC visit	34	16.4	19	9.2	53	12.8

ISSN: 1471-2431