Table 2 Association between histologic chorioamnionitis and MRI measures

 Abnormal white matter signal, n (%)

13 (7.9)

4 (8.5)

1.2 (0.4, 4.0)

p = 0.78

0.7 (0.2, 2.3)

p = 0.59

 Cystic periventricular leukomalacia, n (%)

1 (2.1)

0 (0)

–

–

 Intraventricular haemorrhage, n (%)

9 (19.2)

5 (3.0)

7.4 (2.4, 23.1)

p = 0.001

1.8 (0.5, 7.0)

p = 0.41

 Complete myelination of the PLIC, n (%)

41 (87.2)

139 (84.2)

1.5 (0.3, 3.4)

p = 0.58

0.9 (0.2, 4.4)

p = 0.99

 Gyral maturation< 38 weeks, n (%)

29 (61.7)

71 (43.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.8)

p = 0.05

1.6 (0.7, 3.6)

p = 0.24

(III) Brain metrics (a) Brain measures

Coefficient^a (95% CI) p value

Adjusted coefficient ^b (95% CI) p value

 Brain biparietal diameter (mm)

83.4 (4.1)

82.5 (4.5)

0.6 (−0.7, 1.9)

p = 0.38

0.9 (− 0.6, 2.3)

p = 0.23

 Corpus callosum – genu (mm)

3.9 (1.5)

4.3 (1.4)

−0.3 (− 0.8, 0.1)

p = 0.14

0.1 (− 0.4, 0.5)

p = 0.82

 Corpus callosum – body (mm)

2.0 (0.6)

2.1 (0.5)

−0.1 (− 0.3, 0.1)

p = 0.45

0.1 (− 0.2, 0.2)

p = 0.72

 Corpus callosum – splenium (mm)

3.4 (1.2)

3.8 (1.0)

−0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1)

p = 0.10

−0.1 (− 0.4, 0.3)

p = 0.82

 Deep nuclear gray matter (mm²)

1250.4 (104.1)

1235.6 (106.2)

8.9 (−25.0, 42.8)

p = 0.61

12.7 (−22.7, 48.1)

p = 0.48

 Transcerebellar diameter (mm)

55.1 (2.9)

55.5 (3.1)

−0.6 (−1.5, 0.3)

p = 0.20

− 0.6 (− 1.6, 0.3)

p = 0.21

 Right lateral ventricle

6.3 (2.5)

5.9 (1.8)

0.4 (−0.3, 1.1)

p = 0.30

0.4 (−0.2, 1.1)

p = 0.15

 Left lateral ventricle

5.9 (2.4)

5.6 (1.8)

0.3 (−0.5, 1.0)

p = 0.47

0.2 (−0.4, 0.9)

p = 0.44

 Interhemispheric distance

3.1 (1.8)

2.8 (1.3)

0.2 (−0.4, 0.8)

p = 0.49

−0.4 (−1.0, 0.1)

p = 0.14

(IV) Segmented brain volumes (cc)

n = 37

n = 122

 Total brain tissue

414.4 (37.9)

399.7 (43.9)

14.1 (1.9, 26.2)

p = 0.02

6.4 (−10.1, 22.9)

p = 0.45

 Cortical grey matter

181.4 (17.4)

176.0 (20.8)

5.0 (−0.7, 10.8)

p = 0.09

1.4 (−6.4, 9.2)

p = 0.73

 White matter

165.3 (15.7)

158.2 (17.4)

7.0 (1.8, 12.1)

p = 0.008

4.4 (−2.4, 11.1)

p = 0.20

 Subcortical grey matter

31.9 (2.8)

31.1 (3.1)

0.7 (−0.3, 1.7) p = 0.15

0.1 (−1.0, 1.3)

p = 0.83

 Cerebellum

29.4 (3.2)

28.1 (3.6)

0.9 (0.1, 1.7)

p = 0.04

0.1 (−1.2, 1.3)

p = 0.93

 Brainstem

6.5 (0.5)

6.3 (0.6)

0.2 (0.1, 0.4)

p = 0.005

0.1 (−0.1, 0.3)

p = 0.39

 (V) Global MRI score

3.6 (2.8)

2.7 (2.3)

0.8 (−0.1, 1.7)

p = 0.06

0.1 (−0.7, 0.7)

p = 0.98