Table 2 Multivariable odds ratios of childhood mortality by age group
Potential predictors | Under Five | Infant (0–11 months) | Child (12–59 months) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Full | Reduced | Full | Reduced | Full | Reduced |
Poorest of the poor | ||||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 2.17* | 1.98* | 3.40 | 3.28 | 2.05* | 1.82 |
Mother’s education | ||||||
 No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Educated | 0.88 | 0.84 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 0.87 | 0.83 |
Mother’s age at child’s birth | ||||||
  < 21 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 21–30 years | 0.95 | 0.85 | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.90 |
  > 30 years | 1.23 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 1.27 | 1.12 |
Mother’s marital status | ||||||
 Single | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Living with partner | 0.89 | 1.49 | 0.59 | 0.68 | 0.95 | 1.46 |
 Widowed | 1.26 | 1.96 | 1.23 | 1.57 | 1.29 | 1.83 |
 Not living with partner | 1.02 | 1.43 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 1.11 | 1.39 |
Child size at birth | ||||||
 Normal or large size | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Small size | 1.15 |  | 1.78 |  | 1.12 |  |
Child is twin | ||||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.85* | 2.40*** | 2.00 |  | 1.97* | 2.28*** |
Number of antenatal visits during pregnancy | ||||||
 4+ antenatal visits, well timed | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 4+ antenatal visits, poorly timed | 1.13 |  | 0.54 |  | 1.31 |  |
 0–3 antenatal visits | 1.29 |  | 0.86 |  | 1.50 |  |
 Not asked | 4.01*** |  | 2.76 |  | 3.88*** |  |
Preceding birth interval | ||||||
 9–24 months | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 25–50 months | 0.67** | 0.67** | 0.50 |  | 0.7* | 0.7* |
 51+ months | 0.8 | 0.70 | 0.75 |  | 0.80 | 0.69 |
 First born, or only child | 0.94 | 1.03 | 0.37 |  | 1.04 | 1.11 |
Number of births in last five years | ||||||
 1–2 births | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 3–4 births | 2.83*** | 3.97*** | 2.43 | 3.03* | 3.12*** | 4.62*** |
Unwanted pregnancy | ||||||
 Wanted | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Unwanted | 1.02 |  | 0.64 |  | 1.10 |  |
Place of delivery | ||||||
 Health facility | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Not health facility | 1.17 |  | 1.39 |  | 1.12 |  |
Mother’s HIV status | ||||||
 HIV negative | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 HIV positive | 2.41** | 2.27** | 1.26 |  | 2.53*** | 2.29** |
 Not tested | 0.79 | 0.77* | 0.49 |  | 0.85 | 0.77 |
Mother’s current contraceptive method | ||||||
 Modern method | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Traditional method | 1.33 | 1.31 | 0.96 |  | 1.36 | 1.36 |
 Non-User | 1.28* | 1.37** | 2.13 |  | 1.29* | 1.47*** |
Physical or sexual violence by husband against mother in last 12Â months | ||||||
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.3 |  | 0.61 |  | 1.42* | 1.48* |
 Not interviewed | 1.16 |  | 1.10 |  | 1.15 | 1.29 |
Mother owns agriculture land | ||||||
 Does not own land | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Owns land | 1.26 |  | 1.68 |  | 1.21 |  |
Household has a mosquito bed net for sleeping | ||||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 0.41*** | 0.46*** | 0.23** | 0.27** | 0.44*** | 0.46*** |
Source of drinking water | ||||||
 Unimproved | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Improved | 0.93 |  | 1.18 |  | 0.91 |  |
Household size | ||||||
 2–3 members | 1.09 |  | 1.36 |  | 1.03 |  |
 4–6 members | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 7+ members | 0.96 |  | 0.57 |  | 1.02 |  |